Typographical printing-surfaces
- Première image
- PAGE DE TITRE
- APPENDIX V. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
- FIG. 1. Reproduction of xylographic printing
- FIG. 2. Isometric view of type as usually cast before and after breaking off the tang
- FIG. 3. Isometric view of type
- FIG. 4. Plan of type
- FIG. 5. Mason's break
- FIG. 6. Non-dressing break
- FIG. 7. Davis break
- FIG. 8. Nuernberger-Rettig break
- FIG. 9. Stringer break
- FIG. 10. Typograph break
- FIG. 11. Monotype break
- FIG. 12. Grantype break
- FIG. 13. Small capital types showing means of identification
- FIG. 14. Composition of type-metal for different body-sizes
- FIG. 15. Type before rubbing
- FIG. 16. Type after rubbing
- FIG. 17. Setting-up stick
- FIG. 18. Dressing-bench
- FIG. 19. Dressing-rod
- FIG. 20. Dressing-plane
- FIG. 21. Section of dressing-plane, rod and bench
- FIG. 22. Nicking, kerning and bearding plane
- FIG. 23. Kerning file
- FIG. 24. Detail of kerning file
- FIG. 25. Brick ornamentation ; Gloucester Road tube station
- FIG. 26. Brick ornamentation ; Down Street tube station
- FIG. 27. Combined parallel and diagonal lines
- FIG. 28. Combined arrow-heads and vertical lines
- FIG. 29. Block letters with white hatched lines
- FIG. 30. Circular dots appearing hexagonal
- FIG. 31. Inclined strokes on background of square black dots
- FIG. 32. Inclined strokes and black dots intersected
- FIG. 33. Inclined strokes overlapping
- FIG. 34. Short inclined strokes not overlapping
- FIG. 35. Zig-zag strokes
- FIG. 36. Inclined strokes on chequered background
- FIG. 37. Circles appearing flattened in two directions each, at right angles
- FIG. 38. Circles appearing as logarithmic spirals
- FIG. 39. Circles appearing flattened in two directions, alternately at right angles
- FIG. 40. Distorted figures appearing to be of circular form
- FIG. 41. Alinement and peculiarities of type
- FIG. 42. International Phonetic Association type
- FIG. 43. Example of mathematical composition and cross-section through the component type
- FIG. 44. Facsimile reproduction of Fournier's table of proportions of body-sizes
- FIG. 45. Fournier's table (page 2) continued
- FIG. 46. Fournier's table (page 3) continued
- FIG. 47. Fournier's table (page 4) continued
- FIG. 48. Fournier's table (page 5) continued
- FIG. 49. Fournier's table (page 6) continued
- FIG. 50. Body-gauge for type, single-ended
- FIG. 51. Body-gauge for type, double-ended
- FIG. 52. Micrometer body-gauge
- FIG. 53. Turning-gauge
- FIG. 54. Height-to-paper gauge
- FIG. 55. Lining-gauge
- FIG. 56. Kerned type, as cast ; isometric view
- FIG. 57. Kerned type, after dressing ; isometric view
- FIG. 58. Comparison of styles ; roman capitals and figures
- FIG. 59. Comparison of styles ; roman lower-case, ligatures and points
- FIG. 60. Comparison of styles ; italic capitals, figures, lower-case, ligatures and points
- FIG. 61. Narrow, standard and wide type
- FIG. 62. Comparison of a-z lengths of type founts
- FIG. 63. Chess
- FIG. 64. Daughts
- FIG. 65. Playing cards
- FIG. 66. Dice
- FIG. 67. Dominoes
- FIG. 68. Backgammon or trick-track, showing small dice and counters
- FIG. 69. Script type section
- FIG. 70. Script type section ; Laurent and Deberny
- FIG. 71. Script type section ; Firmin-Didot
- FIG. 72. Script type with bracketed kern
- FIG. 73. Test type from mould for Kanarese
- FIG. 74. Chequered face typewriter type
- FIG. 75. Duplicating-machine type ; cored
- FIG. 76. Gammeter multigraph type
- FIG. 77. Roneo type
- FIG. 78. Neostyle type
- FIG. 79. Duplicating-machine type ; grooved
- FIG. 80. Addressograph metal type
- FIG. 81. Addressograph rubber type
- FIG. 82. Semaphore type with designating letter
- FIG. 83. Semaphore type
- FIG. 84. Morse type
- FIG. 85. Morse type ; Estienne form
- FIG. 86. Wheatstone perforated ribbon and Morse tape
- FIG. 87. Embossed metal type ; Addressograph
- FIG. 88. Embossing machine : hand "Graphotype" ; Addressograph
- FIG. 89. Music type
- FIG. 90. Shorthand type
- FIG. 91. Braille type alphabet
- FIG. 92. Line-braille
- FIG. 93. Reversed type
- FIG. 94. Logotype matrix-box for the Davis pivotal typecaster, using modified Linotype matrices
- FIG. 95. Borders
- FIG. 96. Corners
- FIG. 97. Combination borders
- FIG. 98. Ornaments
- FIG. 99. Combination ornaments
- FIG. 100. Groundwork
- FIG. 101. Natural objects
- FIG. 102. Rules and cheque rules
- FIG. 103. Scrolls
- FIG. 104. Braces
- FIG. 105. Arrows
- FIG. 106. Ornamental dashes
- FIG. 107. Pen or line dashes ; flourishes and combination flourishes
- FIG. 108. Colophons
- FIG. 109. Illusional forms ; screw-heads, nail-heads, ink blots
- FIG. 110. Lead-cutting machine
- FIG. 111. Cored clumps
- FIG. 112. Quotations
- FIG. 113. H or girder furniture
- FIG. 114. Ordinary frech metal furniture
- FIG. 115. Improved french metal furniture
- FIG. 116. Locket furniture
- FIG. 117. Mild-steel furniture
- FIG. 118. Lock-up test for accuracy of type
- FIG. 119. Exactitude of face reproductions
- FIG. 120. Type series
- FIG. 121. Point title line of letters
- FIG. 122. Ligatures
- FIG. 123. The saving effected by reforming the alphabet
- FIG. 124. Illegibility : modern, lower-case
- FIG. 125. Illegibility : old-style, lower-case
- FIG. 126. Illegibility : blackfriars, lower-case
- FIG. 127. Illegibility : sans serif, lower-case
- FIG. 128. Illegibility : German Fraktur, lower-case
- FIG. 129. Illegibility : modern, old-style, blackfriars and sans serif figures
- FIG. 130. Illegibility : modern capitals
- FIG. 131. Illegibility : old-style capitals
- FIG. 132. Illegibility : blackfriars capitals
- FIG. 133. Illegibility : sans serif capitals
- FIG. 134. Illegibility : German Fraktur capitals
- FIG. 135. Illegibility : greek
- FIG. 136. Illegibility : Russian, lower-case
- FIG. 137. Illegibility : Hebrew
- FIG. 138. Illegibility : devanagari characters
- FIG. 139. Illegibility : arabic characters
- FIG. 140. Illegibility : French lower-case accents ; points
- FIG. 141. Comparison of legibility of upper and lower halves of type
- FIG. 142. Mean resultant character obtained by combining in their proper proportions the whole of the lower-case characters and f ligatures of an old-style 12-point face
- FIG. 143. Irradiation producing illusion of size
- FIG. 144. Irradiation producing illusion of tint
- FIG. 145. Jointer or stone-facer for punches
- FIG. 146. Hand-cut punch
- FIG. 147. Hand-cut punch, with accent punch attached
- FIG. 148. Hand-cut punch, with accent punch detached
- FIG. 149. Original Benton punch-cutting machine ; from patent specification
- FIG. 150. Benton-Waldo punch-cutting machine
- FIG. 151. Benton-Waldo machine ; detail of sliding head and chuck
- FIG. 152. Roughing or chisel tool for punch-cutting machine
- FIG. 153. Operations of punch-cutting
- FIG. 154. Rocker sharpening appliance for cutters
- FIG. 155. Machine-cut punch
- FIG. 156. Point cutter for punch-cutting machine
- FIG. 157. Micrometer microscope measurer for position of point of tool
- FIG. 158. Enlarged view of point as seen in the micrometer microscope
- FIG. 159. Barr or Linotype punch-cutter
- FIG. 160. Barr or Linotype punch-cutter ; details
- FIG. 161. Barr or Linotype automatic cutter-grinder
- FIG. 162. Pierpont or Monotype punch-cutter
- FIG. 163. Grant-Legros punch-cutter
- FIG. 164. Barr or Linotype direct-cutting pantograph for formers
- FIG. 165. Linotype ; production of former ; Barr's process
- FIG. 166. Grant-Legros former
- FIG. 167. Grant-Legros logarithmic spiral curves
- FIG. 168. Grant-Legros process ; enlarged drawing of character
- FIG. 169. Bad striking metal
- FIG. 170. Ordinary matrix
- FIG. 171. Nuernberger-Retting matrix
- FIG. 172. Bhisotype matrix
- FIG. 173. Barth matrix
- FIG. 174. Wicks rotary matrix
- FIG. 175. Foucher matrix
- FIG. 176. Thompson matrix
- FIG. 177. Monotype matrix
- FIG. 178. Monotype ; large-work matrix
- FIG. 179. Dyotype ; single matrix for fifty divisions
- FIG. 180. Linotype ; single-letter matrix
- FIG. 181. Linotype ; two-letter matrix
- FIG. 182. Linotype ; rule-block matrix
- FIG. 183. Linotype ; vertical figure tabular matrix
- FIG. 184. Linotype ; slot-rule matrix
- FIG. 185. Linotype ; serrated columnar rule
- FIG. 186. Linotype ; columnar continuous rule and slugs
- FIG. 187. Linotype ; tabular rule slugs
- FIG. 188. Stringertype matrix
- FIG. 189. Grantype ; slug matrix
- FIG. 190. Grantype ; loose-type matrix
- FIG. 191. Rototype matrix
- FIG. 192. Oddur matrix-disk
- FIG. 193. Monoline matrix
- FIG. 194. Typograph ; single-letter matrix
- FIG. 195. Typograph ; two-letter matrix
- FIG. 196. Linotype ; non-distensible space or quad matrix
- FIG. 197. Monotype ; low-quad, steel space-matrix
- FIG. 198. Stringertype quad matrix
- FIG. 199. Grantype ; non-distensible space or quad matrix ; slug
- FIG. 200. Grantype ; non-distensible space or quad matrix ; individual type
- FIG. 201. Linotype ; wedge-space matrix
- FIG. 202. Monoline ; wedge-space matrix
- FIG. 203. Stringertype ; wedge-space matrix
- FIG. 204. Typograph ; distensible space-disk
- FIG. 205. Grantype ; distensible space-matrix ; slug
- FIG. 206. Grantype ; distensible space-matrix ; individual type
- FIG. 207. Bellows or Electric composition ; matrices with slug
- FIG. 208. Needle-point micrometer depth gauge
- FIG. 209. Micrometer measurer for punches and type
- FIG. 210. Wicks rotary typecaster matrix ; operations in machining
- FIG. 211. Ballou matrix-engraving machine
- FIG. 212. Matrix-engraving machine ; American Type Founders Co
- FIG. 213. Matrix-engraving cutter ; American Type Founders Co
- FIG. 214. Engraving machine ; Taylor, Taylor & Hobson
- FIG. 215. Early hand mould
- FIG. 216. Justifier's type mould
- FIG. 217. Pivotal-machine mould
- FIG. 218. Pivotal-machine mould halves
- FIG. 219. Pivotal-machine type-mould ; details
- FIG. 220. Wicks rotary typecaster ; soft moulds
- FIG. 221. Wicks rotary typecaster ; hard moulds
- FIG. 222. Wicks rotary typecaster ; angle-base moulds
- FIG. 223. Diamond square
- FIG. 224. Knife-edge straight-edge
- FIG. 225. Folding-wedge gauges for measuring type-moulds : taper 1 in 100
- FIG. 226. Wicks rotary typecaster ; angle-base operations
- FIG. 227. Magnetic chuck ; plan
- FIG. 228. Magnetic angle-blocks
- FIG. 229. First method of correcting division plate
- FIG. 230. Second method of correcting division plate
- FIG. 231. Third method of correcting division plate
- FIG. 232. Method of planing cast-iron lapping-block
- FIG. 233. Monotype mould ; single-blade
- FIG. 234. Monotype mould ; low-quad, double-blade
- FIG. 235. Dyotype moulds
- FIG. 236. Linotype ; mould and mould-wheel
- FIG. 237. Linotype mould ; details
- FIG. 238. Linotype ; adjustable sectional mould
- FIG. 239. Linotype ; interrupted-revolution driving-gear of mould-wheel
- FIG. 240. Linotype ; slug as cast in mould before trimming
- FIG. 241. Linotype ; finished type-slug
- FIG. 242. Linotype ; large-work recessed slug
- FIG. 243. Linotype ; arabic ; recessed slug
- FIG. 244. Monoline ; finished type-slug
- FIG. 245. Typograph ; mould, tang-plate and ejector. Section
- FIG. 246. Typograph ; mould. Elevation
- FIG. 247. Typograph ; mould, tang-plate and ejector. Plan
- FIG. 248. Typograph ; type-slug as cast. Section through a space
- FIG. 249. Typograph ; type-slug trimmed and tang sheared off. Section
- FIG. 250. Typograph ; finished type-slug
- FIG. 251. Grantype ; mould
- FIG. 252. Grantype ; mould-end jaw
- FIG. 253. Grantype ; comb with tang attached
- FIG. 254. Grantype ; individual-type line closed up ready for galley
- FIG. 255. Bellows or Electric compositor ; slugs
- FIG. 256. Linotype ; pump-plunger
- FIG. 257. Linotype ; metal-pot mouth
- FIG. 258. Grantype ; multi-plunger pump. Vertical section
- FIG. 259. Grantype ; multi-plunger pump. Plan
- FIG. 260. Grantype ; nozzle-plate. Elevation and section
- FIG. 261. Moxon's cases, 1683
- FIG. 262. Smith's cases, 1755
- FIG. 263. Ordinary arrangement of lower case, 1870
- FIG. 264. Stanhope's cases
- FIG. 265. Lay of French cases
- FIG. 266. Lay of German Fraktur case
- FIG. 267. Lay of Russian case
- FIG. 268. Chadwick typesetter
- FIG. 269. Cases with Chadwick typesetter in position
- FIG. 270. Hattersley keyboard
- FIG. 271. Kastenbein composing machine ; keyboard
- FIG. 272. Wicks composing machine ; keyboard
- FIG. 273. Pulsometer composing machine ; keyboard
- FIG. 274. Monotype composing machine ; pattern C keyboard
- FIG. 275. Monotype D and DD keyboards ; lay-out for books or news
- FIG. 276. Monotype D and DD keyboards ; lay-out for jobbing
- FIG. 277. Linotype keyboard. English
- FIG. 278. Typograph keyboard ; English
- FIG. 279. Linotype keyboard ; French
- FIG. 280. Typograph keyboard ; French
- FIG. 281. Linotype keyboard ; German
- FIG. 282. Typograph keyboard ; German
- FIG. 283. Monoline keyboard
- FIG. 284. Unitype keyboard
- FIG. 285. Paige compositor keyboard
- FIG. 286. Pulsometer distributing machine ; keyboard
- FIG. 287. Church typecasting machine (1822)
- FIG. 288. Ordinary (English) pivotal typecasting machine
- FIG. 289. Pivotal typecasting machine ; side elevation
- FIG. 290. Davis pivotal typecaster ; throwing out finished type
- FIG. 291. Davis pivotal typecaster ; setting up type in line
- FIG. 292. Nuernberger-Rettig typecaster
- FIG. 293. Pivotal typecaster for large-work
- FIG. 294. Rapid typecasting machine
- FIG. 295. Küstermann typecasting machine
- FIG. 296. Barth typecasting machine
- FIG. 297. Automatic typecasting machine ; American Type Founders Co
- FIG. 298. Compositype sorts-caster
- FIG. 299. Thompson typecaster
- FIG. 300. Wicks rotary typecasting machine
- FIG. 301. Wicks rotary typecaster ; section through mould at casting point
- FIG. 302. Wicks rotary typecaster ; delivery of type
- FIG. 303. Wicks rotary typecaster ; operations in machining chain-links
- FIG. 304. Wicks type-slicer
- FIG. 305. Church composing machine
- FIG. 306. Young and Delcambre composing machine ; diagram illustrating Bessemer's problem
- FIG. 307. Young and Delcambre composing machine ; diagram of guide-plate
- FIG. 308. Young and Delcambre composing machine
- FIG. 309. Hattersley composing machine
- FIG. 310. Hattersley composing machine ; guide-plate
- FIG. 311. Kastenbein composing machine
- FIG. 312. Kastenbein composing machine ; type-freeing mechanism
- FIG. 313. Fraser composing machine
- FIG. 314. Empire composing machine
- FIG. 315. Wicks composing machine ; with Stringer line-justifier attached
- FIG. 316. Wicks composing machine ; type-freeing mechanism
- FIG. 317. Pulsometer composing machine
- FIG. 318. Pulsometer composing machine ; type-freeing mechanism
- FIG. 319. American numbering-machine and impression of figures
- FIG. 320. American numbering-machine ; opened
- FIG. 321. Mackie compressible space
- FIG. 322. Wicks compressible space
- FIG. 323. Dacheux compressible spaces ; two forms. Section
- FIG. 324. Cox multispace
- FIG. 325. Stringer line-justifier
- FIG. 326. Grant-Legros-Maw line-justifying machine. Plan
- FIG. 327. Grant-Legros-Maw line-justifying machine ; type with special foot-nicks
- FIG. 328. Grant-Legros-Maw line-justifyingmachine ; measuring-box
- FIG. 329. Grant-Legros-Maw line-justifying machine. Side elevation
- FIG. 330. Hattersley distributing stick
- FIG. 331. Pulsometer distributing machine
- FIG. 332. Pulsometer distributing machine ; detail
- FIG. 333. Empire automatic distributing machine
- FIG. 334. Type nicked for the Empire distributing machine
- FIG. 335. Thorne distributor ; method of distribution
- FIG. 336. Dow automatic distributing machine
- FIG. 337. Rototype composing and casting machine
- FIG. 338. Bhisotype casting and distributing machine
- FIG. 339. Bhisotype ; vertical section through a mould in the casting position
- FIG. 340. Bhisotype ; vertical section through a mould open for delivery of the type
- FIG. 341. Bhisotype ; isometric view of moulds and matrices
- FIG. 342. Mackie composing and line-justifying machine ; perforated strip
- FIG. 343. Dow composing and line-justifying machine ; front view
- FIG. 344. Dow composing and line-justifying machine ; back view
- FIG. 345. Dow composing machine ; line in process of composition
- FIG. 346. Dow composing machine ; stick rotated through 90° ; ejection of line
- FIG. 347. Dow composing machine ; line of composed type on the bridge ; justification in progress
- FIG. 348. Thorne composing and distributing machine
- FIG. 349. Simplex composing and distributing machine
- FIG. 350. Thorne machine ; packing device
- FIG. 351. Unitype composing and distributing machine ; front view
- FIG. 352. Unitype composing and distributing machine ; back view
- FIG. 353. Castotype casting, composing and line-justifying machine
- FIG. 354. Felt composing, line-justifying and distributing machine ; general arrangement
- FIG. 355. Paige composing, line-justifying and distributing machine ; diagram of operations
- FIG. 356. Paige composing, line-justifying and distributing machine ; front view
- FIG. 357. Paige machine ; front view from left end
- FIG. 358. Paige machine ; back view from left end
- FIG. 359. Paige machine ; back view from right end
- FIG. 360. Paige keyboard
- FIG. 361. Monotype composing and casting machine ; "C" keyboard machine, (now obsolete)
- FIG. 362. Monotype composing and casting machine ; "D" keyboard machine
- FIG. 363. Monotype composing and casting machine ; "DD" keyboard machine
- FIG. 364. Monotype composing and casting machine ; typecaster
- FIG. 365. Monotype composing and casting machine ; keyboard unit-counting mechanism
- FIG. 366. Monotype composing and casting machine ; matrices arranged as keys of "C" keyboard
- FIG. 367. Monotype composing and casting machine ; standard lay-out as cast in long primer modern
- FIG. 368. Monotype composing and casting machine ; book or news lay-out of matrices
- FIG. 369. Monotype composing and casting machine ; jobbing lay-out of matrices
- FIG. 370. Monotype composing and casting machine ; perforated ribbon for typecaster
- FIG. 371. Monotype composing and casting machine ; matrix-grid
- FIG. 372. Monotype casting machine ; matrix-holder for sorts-casting to 14-point
- FIG. 373. Monotype casting machine ; large-work matrix-holder for sorts-casting
- FIG. 374. Monotype casting machine ; large-work mould-delivery and raceway
- FIG. 375. Graphotype composing and casting machine (Goodson) ; keyboard machine
- FIG. 376. Graphotype composing and casting machine (Goodson) ; typecaster
- FIG. 377. Graphotype composing and casting machine (Goodson) ; perforated ribbon
- FIG. 378. Graphotype composing and casting machine (Goodson) ; lay-out of matrix-block
- FIG. 379. Graphotype, improved ; lay-out of keyboard
- FIG. 380. Graphotype, improved ; lay-out of matrix-plate
- FIG. 381. Graphotype, new model, composing and casting machine ; view of right-hand side from the front
- FIG. 382. Graphotype, new model, composing and casting machine ; enlarged view of right-hand side showing the controller magazines and the controller elements
- FIG. 383. Graphotype, new model, composing and casting machine ; view of left-hand side from the back
- FIG. 384. Graphotype, new model, composing and casting machine ; view of right-hand side from the back
- FIG. 385. Graphotype, new model ; controller escapement and adjustable controller-element
- FIG. 386. Graphotype, new model ; order and arrangement of controller-elements as composed and used
- FIG. 387. Graphotype, new model ; used as a large-work sorts-caster ; enlarged view taken from the left-hand side
- FIG. 388. Electrotypograph ; keyboard machine
- FIG. 389. Dyotype composing and casting machine ; typecaster
- FIG. 390. Dyotype composing and casting machine ; matrix-wheel
- FIG. 391. Dyotype composing and casting machine ; perforated ribbon for typecaster
- FIG. 392. Stringertype matrix composing and casting machine ; front view
- FIG. 393. Stringertype matrix-composing and casting machine, 1913 model
- FIG. 395. Stringertype ; gear for distributing matrices to magazines ; cross-section
- FIG. 396. Stringertype ; gear for distributing matrices ; front view
- FIG. 397. Stringertype ; gear for distributing matrices ; magazine mouths. Plan
- FIG. 398. Linotype ; original machine of 1884, with enlarged views of the multiple-strike matrix-bars used
- FIG. 399. Linotype ; first individual matrix machine
- FIG. 400. Linotype ; independent matrix machine of 1885 with blower ; with views of slug, matrix, and wedge-space or space-band
- FIG. 401. Linotype ; blower machine of 1886 introduced in 1889 into England
- FIG. 402. Linotype ; square-base machine of 1890
- FIG. 403. Linotype ; twin machine with step line-justification of 1894
- FIG. 404. Linotype ; single magazine machine ; American
- FIG. 405. Linotype ; single magazine machine ; English
- FIG. 406. Linotype ; double magazine machine ; English model 3
- FIG. 407. Linotype ; arabic machine with 180 keys
- FIG. 408. Linotype ; treble magazine machine ; English model 4 ; front view
- FIG. 409. Linotype ; treble magazine machine ; English model 4 ; back view
- FIG. 410. Linotype ; quadruple magazine machine ; model 9 ; English and American
- FIG. 411. Linotype ; model 10 machine ; English and American
- FIG. 412. Linotype ; distributor-bar and matrices
- FIG. 413. Linotype ; matrix distribution ; perspective view
- FIG. 414. Linotype ; matrix liberating gear
- FIG. 415. Linotype ; composed line of single-letter matrices ready for casting the slug
- FIG. 416. Linotype ; composed line of two-letter matrices ; casting part of the line in roman and part in italic
- FIG. 417. Linotype ; path of matrices
- FIG. 418. Linotype ; metal-pot, pump and mould
- FIG. 419. Linotype ; ejector, mould-wheel and galley
- FIG. 420. Linotype ; two-line letter
- FIG. 421. Linotype ; double magazine ; arrangement of escapements and shift-key
- FIG. 422. Linotype ; models 4 and 9 ; escapement mechanism
- FIG. 423. Linotype ; embroidery block
- FIG. 424. Dougall Linotype
- FIG. 425. Victorline ; general view
- FIG. 426. Intertype ; general view
- FIG. 427. Linograph ; general view
- FIG. 428. Bellows or Electric compositor ; front view
- FIG. 429. Bellows or Electric compositor ; back view
- FIG. 430. Monoline ; general view
- FIG. 431. Monoline ; arrangement of strikes on matrices
- FIG. 432. Typograph ; normal composing position of upper part ; front view
- FIG. 433. Typograph ; distributing position, upper part tilted back ; front view
- FIG. 434. Typograph ; normal composing position of upper part ; back view
- FIG. 435. Typograph ; line of single-letter matrices ; composed and line-justified
- FIG. 436. Typograph ; line of two-letter matrices ; composed and line-justified
- FIG. 437. Typograph ; assembly channel filled with single-letter matrices and vice-jaw closed ready for line-justification
- FIG. 438. Typograph ; line of single-letter matrices line-justified ready for casting
- FIG. 439. Typograph ; matrix escapement
- FIG. 440. Typograph ; assembly channel empty
- FIG. 441. Typograph ; assembly channel filled with line of two-letter matrices
- FIG. 442. Typograph ; vice-jaw closed but line not yet line-justified
- FIG. 443. Typograph ; matrices line-justified ready for casting
- FIG. 444. Typograph ; rack in position for changing fount
- FIG. 445. Typograph ; matrices transferred from magazine to the rack, ready for removal
- FIG. 446. Rowotype matrix-composing machine
- FIG. 447. Fowler impression machine
- FIG. 448. Babbage difference engine
- FIG. 449. Scheutz difference engine ; side view
- FIG. 450. Scheutz difference engine ; front view
- FIG. 451. Print from stereotype cast from one of the original impression matrices prepared on the Scheutz machine for Dr. Farr's "English Life Tables"
- FIG. 452. Lithotype transfer machine ; keyboard machine
- FIG. 453. Lithotype transfer machine ; printing mechanism
- FIG. 454. Oddur type-bar machine ; first model, using a matrix-disk and casting a grooved base upon a line of short type
- FIG. 455. Oddur type-bar machine, 1913 model ; front view ; casting short-type and swaging a previously prepared base upon the line of short type
- FIG. 456. Oddur type-bar machine, 1913 model ; side view
- FIG. 457. Oddur type-bar machine ; section at casting point
- FIG. 458. Oddur type-bar machine ; line-justification ; front elevation
- FIG. 459. Oddur type-bar machine ; space-band and type ; side elevation
- FIG. 460. Oddur type-bar machine ; front view of mould
- FIG. 461. Oddur type-bar machine ; short type with and without jet or sprue
- FIG. 462. Oddur type-bar machine ; short type with and without jet or sprue
- FIG. 463. Oddur type-bar machine ; grooved slug for short type
- FIG. 464. Oddur type-bar machine ; swaged slug, section and isometric view
- FIG. 465. Oddur type-bar machine ; swaged slug, section and isometric view
- FIG. 466. Oddur type-bar machine ; slug cast on to short type ; section and isometric view
- FIG. 467. Oddur type-bar machine ; slug cast on to short type ; section and isometric view
- FIG. 468. Hanigan machine ; composite type-slug
- FIG. 469. Casting-press for flat stereotype-plates ; open
- FIG. 470. Casting-press for flat stereotype-plates ; closed and turned to the vertical or casting position
- FIG. 471. Semicylindrical plate, cast by hand, with head attached
- FIG. 472. Semicylindrical plate with head removed
- FIG. 473. Metal furnace with pump filling semicylindrical-plate mould in vertical position
- FIG. 474. Automatic boring machine for semicylindrical plates
- FIG. 475. Casting-press for semicylindrical plates ; opened for trimming and removing the plate
- FIG. 476. Casting-press for semicylindrical plates ; water-cooled with automatic closing and head-cutting gear
- FIG. 477. Autoplate ; front view
- FIG. 478. Autoplate ; back view
- FIG. 479. Finished plate as removed from the Autoplate machine
- FIG. 480. Autoplate Junior ; front view
- FIG. 481. Autoplate Junior ; back view
- FIG. 482. Autoshaver
- FIG. 483. Multiplate ; at rest, after the first cast has been made
- FIG. 484. Tubular-plate casting-box ; closed
- FIG. 485. Tubular-plate casting-box ; open
- FIG. 486. Section of typographical etching-plate showing wax built up for whites, and section of electrotyped shell, filled and mounted
- FIG. 487 to 492. Study of a head byy Prof. E. Lantéri ; examples of reproduction in half-tone using different screens
- FIG. 487. 50 per inch
- FIG. 488. 75 per inch
- FIG. 489. 100 per inch
- FIG. 490. 125 per inch
- FIG. 491. 150 per inch
- FIG. 492. 175 per inch
- FIG. 493 to 497. Continuous spectrum reproduced by the three-colour process
- FIG. 493. Yellow alone
- FIG. 494. Red alone
- FIG. 495. Yellow and red
- FIG. 496. Blue alone
- FIG. 497. Yellow, red, and blue
- FIG. 498. Example of Litho-block
- FIG. 499. Archaic Chinese writing, in form 2700 years old
- FIG. 500. Chuan shu or seal character
- FIG. 501. Li shu or clerkly style
- FIG. 502. Ch'iai shu or pattern style
- FIG. 503. Hsing shu or running hand
- FIG. 504. Ts'ao tzu or grass character
- FIG. 505. Sung t'i or Sung dynasty style
- FIG. 506. Tonal marks and points
- FIG. 507. Chinese syllabic symbols ; vowel sounds preceding consonantal sounds
- FIG. 508. Chinese syllabic symbols, arranged alphabetically
- FIG. 509. Chinese numerals
- FIG. 510. Extract from "Sacred Edict" printed in alternate lines of classic Chinese ideographs and syllabic script
- FIG. 511. The application of the Chinese syllabary to the braille system
- FIG. 512. Chinese braille syllabary arranged alphabetically
- FIG. 513. Example of Chinese braille with Chinese ideographic equivalents ; extract from "Sacred Edict"
- FIG. 514. Rosetta stone
- FIG. 515. Hieroglyphic alphabet : simple sound symbols
- FIG. 516. Hieroglyphic alphabet : complex sound-symbols
- FIG. 517. Determinatives
- FIG. 518. Hieroglyphic case : first portion
- FIG. 519. Hieroglyphic case : second portion
- FIG. 520. Hieroglyphic case : spaces
- FIG. 521. Specimen of hieroglyphic manuscript and printed text ; slightly reduced from the original
- FIG. 522. Three standard body-sizes of hieroglyphic type
- FIG. 523. Widths of hieroglyphic type conforming to shape of character
- FIG. 524. Hieroglyphic-character group and its components
- FIG. 525. Comparison of cuneiform writings, showing development from early ideograph to simple syllabic character
- FIG. 526. Clay cylinder of Sennacherib, recording the siege of Jerusalem
- FIG. 527. Stone lion with Hittite inscription from Marash
- FIG. 528. Hittite inscriptions
- FIG. 529. Maya inscription from Piedras Negras
- FIG. 530. Sbididi or Nsibidi script
- FIG. 531. Inscribed neolithic pebbles
- FIG. 532. Maliseet
- FIG. 533. Nama or Khoi-Khoi
- FIG. 534. Anglo-Saxon
- FIG. 535. Inscription Roman
- FIG. 536. Inscription Roman
- FIG. 537. Greek ; Codex Vaticanus
- FIG. 538. Greek ; Codex Alexandrinus
- FIG. 539. Inscription Greek
- FIG. 540. German ; Fraktur
- FIG. 541. Bulgarian Glagolitic
- FIG. 542. Bulgarian
- FIG. 543. Abkhazian
- FIG. 544. Old Norse ; runic character
- FIG. 545. Gothic
- FIG. 546. Irish or Erse ; Gaelic character
- FIG. 547. Georgian ; ecclesiastical character
- FIG. 548. Georgian ; civil character
- FIG. 549. Arabic ; single alinement and double alinement
- FIG. 550. Arabic type with recesses for vowels
- FIG. 551. Syro-Chaldaic ; Nestorian
- FIG. 552. Syriac ; Estrangelo
- FIG. 553. Syriac ; Peshito
- FIG. 554. Syriac ; modern
- FIG. 555. Arabic ; Cufic character
- FIG. 556. Carshuni
- FIG. 557. Armenian
- FIG. 558. Kurdish ; Armenian character
- FIG. 559. Hebrew ; Rabbinical character
- FIG. 560. Accadian ; cuneiform
- FIG. 561. Assyrian ; cuneiform
- FIG. 562. Babylonian ; cuneiform
- FIG. 563. Phoenician
- FIG. 564. Samaritan
- FIG. 565. Palmyrene
- FIG. 566. Egyptian ; hieroglyphic
- FIG. 567. Egyptian ; hieratic
- FIG. 568. Egyptian ; demotic
- FIG. 569. Coptic ; Bohairic or Northern
- FIG. 570. Coptic ; Sa'idic or Southern
- FIG. 571. Zend
- FIG. 572. Amharic
- FIG. 573. Ethiopic
- FIG. 574. Hindi ; devanagari character
- FIG. 575. Bengali
- FIG. 576. Panjabi or Sikh ; Gurumukhi character
- FIG. 577. Chamba ; Thakuri character
- FIG. 578. Gujarati or Guzerati
- FIG. 579. Kanarese
- FIG. 580. Telugu
- FIG. 581. Tamil
- FIG. 582. Malayalim
- FIG. 583. Oriya or Uriya
- FIG. 584. Cingalese or Sinhalese
- FIG. 585. Lepcha
- FIG. 586. Tibetan
- FIG. 587. Burmese
- FIG. 588. Siamese
- FIG. 589. Lao-tian or Lao-shan
- FIG. 590. Japanese ; Kana-majiri
- FIG. 591. Japanese ; Kata-kana
- FIG. 592. Japanese ; Hira-gana
- FIG. 593. Korean
- FIG. 594. Kalmuk
- FIG. 595. Manchu
- FIG. 596. Mongolian
- FIG. 597. Sundanese ; Javanese character
- FIG. 598. Batta
- FIG. 599. Bugi
- FIG. 600. Bisaya or Visaya
- FIG. 601. Cherokee
- FIG. 602. Chippewyan
- FIG. 603. Eskimo or Innuit
- FIG. 604. CV or compass alphabet ; relationship of characters
- FIG. 605. CV or compass type
- FIG. 606. Universal syllabics
- FIG. 607. Music
- FIG. 608. Plain-song
- FIG. 609. Tonic sol-fa
- Dernière image
