Research and students apparatus

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- - C. F. PALMER (london), Ltd.
  - Sheet No..
  - ALAIN BRIEUX
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- - at
  - r a
  - INDEX TO SECTIONS.
  - FOR GENERAL INDEX, SEE END OF CATALOGUE.
  - A
  - KYMOGRAPHS,
  - Drums, and other Recording Cylinders.
  - B
  - TIME
  - Markers, Clocks, Metronomes, Vibrating Springs and Forks.
  - C
  - RECORDING.
  - Tambours, Levers and Manometers,
  - D
  - STANDS
  - and other devices for holding apparatus.
  - E
  - RESPIRATION
  - Pumps, Animal Holders, Operating Tables and Canulae.
  - F
  - CIRCULATION
  - Oxygenator, Pumps, Ovens and Baths for Isolated Organs.
  - G
  - MECHANICAL
  - Motors, Pulleys, Shafting and Speed Varying Gear.
  - H
  - W
  - ELECTRICAL
  - Coils, Resistances, Keys, Electrodes and Batteries.
  - MISCELLANEOUS.
  - Various Apparatus for Bacteriology, Phonetics, Psychology and
  - Botany.
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- - THE
  - BRODIE STARLING KYMOGRAPH
  - FOR SMOKED PAPER.
  - HTH1S Kymograph is a great advance upon the older instrument made for the late Professor Brodie many years ago, although in general outline it is similar. Many improvements have been embodied, the most important being the new three-speed driving gear, which was designed to meet the requirements of the late Professor Starling, and carried out under his personal advice. There are three speeds, having ratios of 1, 10 and 100, or 1, 5 and 25, see notes on speed variation A2. (Intermediate speeds can be obtained by altering the band on the cone driving pulley).
  - The recording drum is 9" (228 mm.) diameter by 10" (254 mm.) high, and will take papers from 6' 3" (190 c.m.) to 9' 4" (284 cm.). The general plan can be seen from the above illustration. It is mounted on a substantial bed of cast-iron, supported centrally by a large steel screw of 1 cm. pitch, by means of which it is raised or lowered. The nut is divided to read to 0‘5 mm. The small drum slides along the bed, and can be clamped at any point.
  - The starting and stopping is by simply turning the small wheel seen in the illustration (now fitted on the other side) projecting out of the gear box towards the large drum. This wheel has three positions, indicated by the letters S. M. F (slow, medium and fast), and may be turned in either direction, thereby jumping from any one speed to either of the others. There are three “ off ” or “ stop ” positions between the three letters. The recording drum is driven from the gear box by a positive drive, consisting of a shaft and pinion driving a crown wheel, thereby doing away with all string bands, etc. It can at any time be turned by hand in either direction.
  - Concentric with the recording drum and fixed to the under side of the bed is a guide rod, sliding into a hollow pillar fixed to the table ; thus the rise and fall of the drum is directed and kept central over the pillar which carries the arms ; to one of these is fitted the manometer,* while two others are provided
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- - for apparatus. The arms are jointed and provided with long vertical rod f" diameter (or other size if preferred). The joint in these arms serves the folloAving purposes : When bent it brings the rod nearer the drum, and so is adjustable for various lengths of recording levers ; the joint is provided with a stop screw fixed to the inner portion of each arm ; this also serves as a fine adjustment, and ensures the return of the outer arm to exactly the same position after it has been rotated away from the drum for the purpose of putting on a new paper. As the arms rotate round the pillar, and consequently round the axis of the recording drum, the writing points can be readily brought vertically over one another. When necessary, the Kymograph may be raised so that the guide rod under the large drum is clear of the pillar ; and in this position the Kymograph can be swung round and the recording drum brought directly over the operating table. There are two vertical adjustable rods for apparatus which move with the recording drum and are supported from arms fixed to the bed. These rods are held by a new form of “ X ” block, which, while permitting full adjustment, does not allow the rods to fall over when the single clamping nut is loosened.
  - A double time-marker or signal, is fitted, which will be seen conveniently placed under the large drum.
  - The whole instrument is mounted on a very strong pitch-pine table, with teak top 51" x 24" having a large drawer fitted underneath. The table is mounted on wheels; and handles are provided so that the Kymograph can be easily moved.
  - PRICE. £ s. d
  - The Complete Kymograph, with gear box 1, 10 and 100, double time-marker, mercury manometer,* separate smoking and varnishing drums and smoking burner (See note on speed variation below) ... ... ... Al HO 0 0
  - Approximate weights: nett, 550 lbs. ; gross, 600 lbs. Shipping dimensions : 4' 9" X 2'8" X 5'.)
  - As above, but without smoking and varnishing outfit ... ... A3 100 0 0
  - Approximate weights : nett, 508 lbs. ; gross, 575 lbs. Shipping dimensions : 4' 9" X 2' 8" X 5'.
  - The same, but without table, smoking and varnishing outfit ... ... A4 90 0 0
  - (Approximate weight ; 188 lbs. Shipping dimensions : 4' 5" X 2' 4" X 2' 1".)
  - Complete Kymograph, with smoking and varnishing outfit, but without table A5 100 0 0
  - (Approximate weights: nett, 225 lbs. ; gross, 440 lbs. Shipping dimension : 5' 4” X 2' 4" x 2' 1".)
  - The smoking and varnishing drums only ... ... ... ... A290 10 10 0
  - Smoking burner only ... ... ... ... ... ... A292 2 2 0
  - *The mercury manometer, hitherto fitted with a “ T ” tube, is now fitted with a “ three-way ” glass cock.
  - SPEED VARIATION.
  - Some find that the great acceleration in speed of 1 x 10 x 10 as designed for the late Prof. Starling is too great for their work. It has therefore been decided to fit a similar gear box, but having speeds of 1 x 5 x 5 or an acceleration in speed from the slowest to the fastest of 1 to 25 instead of 1 to 100. This gear will however not be fitted unless specially asked for—mention A2.
  - The papers are smoked and afterwards replaced for varnishing on a separate pair of drums (see A 290, A 292, A 265 and A 295. This transfer is easily accomplished, and has the advantage of preventing the recording drums becoming dirty from soot and varnish. For this reason the late Professor Brodie was very adverse to having the paper smoked and varnished on the same drum as those used for recording. It has therefore been decided not to recommend such a Kymograph with lift off frame and drums, although one similar to either the Brodie-Starling Kymograph or the “ Demonstration ” Kymograph could be easily constructed.
  - For suitable driving gear, see Section G.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - THE PALMER
  - “ DEMONSTRATION ” KYMOGRAPH.
  - ORIGINAL MODEL
  - A13.
  - TH E Kymograph shown in the above illustration, although possessing rnanj^ of the features of the original Brodie Kymograph, is not intended to supersede the Brodie-Starling Kymograph, but it is thought that it will be very useful for demonstrations and for practical work done by advanced students.
  - As shown in the illustration, this Kymograph is not supplied with a table (unless specially ordered) or the large lifting screw, but is intended to stand on the laboratory table. A two-speed gear is fitted, having a ratio of 1 to 30, driving the large drum through a crown wheel and pinion. The arms to carry the recording apparatus are of simple construction; they rotate round the axis of the large drum, and have slots in which the uprights slide. The drums are of the same size as in the more complete instrument and take the same length of paper.
  - Supplied complete with mercury manometer and double lime-marker, or signal. It will be found a very efficient and useful piece of apparatus.
  - PRICE (as illustrated) ... ... A13 £55 0 0
  - Nett weight : 3 qrs. 10 lbs. Shipping dimensions : 4' 6" x P 8" x 1' 6"
  - It is priced without smoking apparatus, as that supplied with the Brodie-Starling Kymograph (priced separately at ten guineas) will serve either instrument. For particulars of smoking outfit, see A290.
  - Suitable pitch pine table, with teak top, wheels and handles, as supplied with the Brodie-Starling Kymograph, extra £10.
  - PRICE together ... ... ... A14 £65 0 0
  - This Kymograph can also be fitted with a three-speed gear, having ratios of 1, 5 and 25 or 1, 10 and 100 as on the Brodie-Starling Kymograph, together with adjustable uprights on both arms to carry the recording tambours, etc., for an extra £15.
  - PRICE together (either ratio) ... ... A15 £70 00
  - {Please state which gear is tequired when ordering.)
  - Either of the above may be driven from the laboratory shafting, or one of the 1/50 H.P. worm-geared motors (price £8 10 0) is very suitable (see Section G).
  - The uprights are of English standard §", or other size fitted if desired.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - THE PALMER
  - 4! DEMONSTRATION ” KYMOGRAPH.
  - OPEN SPINDLE TYPE.
  - A18.
  - IN using the “ Demonstration ” Kymograph, a long paper is not always required ; provision is, therefore, made in the above instrument for using not only a long paper, but the 9" diameter cylinder being of the lift-off type, can have a paper attached and smoked precisely as is done with the Standard Students’ Drum. Moreover, as the spindle is f" diameter, any standard cylinder such as A54 or A55 can be used.
  - The essential difference in this new Kymograph is the open top spindle, which has been made possible by incorporating ball bearings, thereby making it very rigid and, at the same time, “ free running.”
  - Provision is made for the Manometer guide. All other particulars are precisely the same as those describing the Palmer “ Demonstration ” Kymograph, original model.
  - s. d.
  - PRICE, with Mercury Manometer and Double Time-marker (as illustrated) A18 56 10 0
  - Like the original model, this Kymograph can be supplied complete with table
  - or fitted with a three-speed gear (see A14 and A15).
  - PRICE, with table A19 66 10 0
  - ,, with three-speed gear (but without table) ... A20 71 10 0
  - Spare cylinder, 9" diameter x 10" long, taking ordinary 9|" paper A56 4 15 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - THE PALMER
  - 24in. HORIZONTAL KYMOGRAPH.
  - nPHE Horizontal Kymo-A graph illustrated here is the outcome of some years of experience, and was made under the direction of Mr.
  - Stephen Jones, of the Phonetics Laboratory, University College, London, and is a great advance upon a much older drum made many years ago for the department.
  - The recording cylinder is 24" long x 12" diameter, and has a 12" three-speed cone wheel whereby it may be driven from the laboratory shafting, or from one of the small geared motors (see Section G). This driving cone is provided with a friction clutch by which the drum may be started, or stopped, without interfering with the source of power.
  - In front of the drum is a sliding carriage actuated by a screw, capable of being turned by hand, or driven from the main spindle by a pair of speed cones seen to the left of the illustration. The cone on the screw has a simple but effective clutch similar to the main cone, for starting the carriage in motion or stopping it at will. This automatic movement of carriage gives a spiral tracing round the drum, the width of which is governed by the three speed cones, three widths being possible and dependable upon the length of paper used.
  - The rod, for carrying the recording instruments seen in position on the upright, deserves a few words of description. It not only has a fine and quick movement similar in principle to our adjustable “X” Block (D35), and adjustable stands, etc., but, in addition, is held in position upon a double row of balls, which allow it to be screwed up reasonably tight, thereby eliminating looseness and, at the same time, allowing it to move freely.
  - The whole Kymograph is seen mounted upon a very substantial table with teak top.
  - £ s- d.
  - Price of Instrument, complete, with table and extension for long paper A 24 78 10 0
  - ,, ,, only, without table or extension ... ... A 25 63 0 0
  - Approximate weight of instrument, 140 lbs. ; or with table, 265 lbs.
  - For Motors, Shafting, and other Driving Gear, see Section G.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - THE PALMER
  - 10in. HORIZONTAL KYMOGRAPH.
  - THIS instrument resembles No. A24, but has a cylinder 10" long x 9" diameter, and is usually supplied without a table. Like the larger instrument, the main cone wheel has a friction clutch whereby the drum can be started and stopped, a similar clutch being fitted to the end of the screw which actuates the sliding carriage—this screw is connected to the main spindle by a pair of three-speed cones to obtain long spiral tracings, as in the larger instrument.
  - A31.
  - For Tambours and other recordin.
  - A30.
  - The illustrations represent the Kymograph viewed from both sides, while the one shows the extension for long paper : this latter is intended to be fixed to the floor, as indicated, care being taken to see that both drums are parallel. Of course, when this extension is used, a piece has to be cut out of the table, unless the special table is ordered.
  - An extension similar to the one illustrated can be fitted on the legs of the table, if mentioned at time of ordering, for the same price.
  - £ s • d-
  - Price of Kymograph, with ball bearing adjustable rod to carry tambours, etc.
  - (as supplied with the
  - 24" Kymograph) ... A30 35 10 0
  - ,, extension for long paper, ... A31 2 7 6
  - ,, suitable pitch pine and teak
  - topped table ... ... A32 9 5 0
  - Approximate weight of instrument, 50 lbs. ; or with table, 150 lbs.
  - instruments, see Sections C and IV.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - SHERRINGTON-STARLING RECORDING DRUM.
  - Standard Drum A50.
  - Standard Drum (fitted with Screw-lift) A52.
  - T the suggestion of Professor Starling, in 1911, the No. 5 Sherrington Drum was largely remodelled by placing all the workingparts inside the base, so that they are kept clean and are not liable to injury. Since the above date, many minor improvements have been made. The driving gear for the slow speed consists of a worm and wheel, as in the older pattern ; but for the fast speed a volute gear is used, which runs smoothly and with little friction. Another great improvement, by which this drum may be started or stopped, is the friction clutch, actuated by turning the T-headed knob shown in the left-hand illustration. The driving cone is now of larger diameter than formerly, so that in conjunction with the change speed gear mentioned above, a larger range of speeds may be obtained, varying from 1 to 870 revolutions in a given time, the driving shaft being kept at a constant speed. The standard cylinders are 6" x 6" (152 x 152 mm.), but 12" diameter cylinders can be had. They are lifted up or down the spindles, and locked in position by the lever shown on the
  - top of the standard drum, or a screw-lift can be fitted, if preferred (see prices). Electric contact arms are provided, which make contact at any one or two points in the revolution.
  - The Drum can be used either vertically or horizontally, and has levelling screws for both positions. It may be conveniently smoked, when placed horizontally on its own stand, being either driven from the shafting, or turned by hand, in which case the side plate must be put in the neutral (middle groove) position, and the starting T-headed knob to “ on ” ; or the special smoking stand A250 can be used.
  - When a longer tracing is required than that obtained by the 12" cylinder, the extension shown in A57 can be used. This consists of a bar upon which two 6" x 3" cylinders slide, taking paper up to two meters in length. The object of the second small cylinder is that it can be used either as a paper tightener, or set at a convenient angle and used to form a “ flat paper ” device, instead of writing on the single cylinder in the usual way.
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- - EXTENSION FOR LONG PAPER.
  - Standard Drum, A50, with long paper extension, A57.
  - PRICES :
  - £ 5. d.
  - Standard Drum, with 6" x 6" cylinder ... A50 10 10 0
  - „ „ „ 12” x 6" A51 13 10 0
  - „ „ ,, 6" x 6" ,, and screw lift A52 11 5 0
  - „ ^ „ „ 12" x 6" „ A53 14 5 0
  - Spare 6" cylinder A54 1 10 0
  - „ 12" „ A55 4 10 0
  - ,, 9” ,, 10" long for use on A18 A56 4 15 0
  - Extension for long paper A57 6 10 0
  - Stand for Drum A150 3 0 0
  - Smoking Stand for Drum A250 2 12 6
  - Varnisher for paper A280 2 10 6
  - Smoker for long paper ... A290 10 10 0
  - Gas Smoking Burner, 5£" A291 1 17 6
  - Q" „ ,, „ Kf A292 2 2 0
  - Kerosene Smoking Burner, 3" wick A265 2 5 0
  - Per 100 Per 1,000
  - Paper for above, in cut pieces, 20" x 5f", gummed one end ... A300 3/6 1 12 6
  - „ >> „ 40" x 5f" ,, ,, ••• A301 V- 3 5 0
  - „ ,, in rolls, 50 yds. x 5|" ... ... per roll 0 4 0
  - See samples on last page of Section A. A 305
  - Nett weight of Standard Drum 25 lbs.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - ASSEMBLY FOR MAMMALIAN CLASSES.
  - HTHIS is composed of a Single Speed Drum (A 200) with Extension for Long Paper (A 57) and a special Drum Stand similar to figure A 150. but so constructed that it allows for the use of a Mercury Manometer. The stand, like the original model, is fitted with A and /> pattern arms, or otherwise if specially mentioned (see A 150). It will be noticed that the Time-marker and Signal (B 24) is of special design and fits up under the drum similarly to that on the large Brodie-Starling Kymograph.
  - PRICE :
  - Drum ... ... ... A 200 £6 10 0
  - Kxlension ... ... A 57 610 0
  - Mercury Manometer with special fitting C 22 1 15 0
  - Time-marker Special Drum Stand M e r c u r y Manometer
  - Price of the Assembly as above, if ordered at one time
  - for use
  - A 70
  - ... B 24 £2
  - with
  - ... A 153 3
  - £18 10 0
  - 2
  - 0
  - 6
  - 0
  - ASSEMBLY FOR TAKING A SIMPLE MUSCLE TWITCH.
  - npHIS shows a Standard Sher-rington Starling Drum (A 50), Prof. Starling’s Crank Myograph (C 112) mounted on a quick adjustable stand (I) 2), Standard Pattern Du Bois Reymond Coil (H 30), Key (H 1), and to complete the set a “Ni + Ee” Battery (H. J.O—4).
  - Drum ... A 50 o o 0 i Coil ... H 30 £5 17 6
  - Crank Myograph ... C 112 1 0 0 ! Key ... H 1 13 0
  - Stand ... D 2 13 0 Battery ... H. J.O-4 8 6
  - Price of the Assembly ... A 71 £10 2 0
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- - Apparatus for Recording Reflex and other Involuntary Movements in Cases of Nervous Diseases.
  - '"I 'HE above instrument consists of a Standard Sherrington-Starling Drum, mounted on a Drum Stand A fitted with two special arms, the one having two light grooved pulleys round which runs a thread carrying a writing point, and terminating in a long spiral spring at one end, the other being fastened to one of the four speeds of a large coned vulcanite pulley. From the latter another thread is led off to the limb or group of muscles under investigation. The excursion of the writing point may be varied in amplitude, as required, according to the grooves selected on the vulcanite pulley, on which are clips for securing the threads. The length of the thread leading to the subject can be adjusted in the well-known manner adopted to tighten tent ropes, and the tension of the spring can be varied by vertical adjustment of either of the pulleys on the upright arm. The apparatus has been made to the order of Dr. F. M. R. Walshe, and shows one of the many uses to which the Sherrington-Starling Drum may be put.
  - £ s.
  - Price of the special Drum Stand, with Recording Apparatus A73 6 10
  - Complete with Standard Sherrington-Starling Drum A74 17 0
  - As above, but with 12" cylinder A75 20 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - SHERRINGTON-STARLING RECORDING DRUM
  - LIST OF PARTS FOR REPLACEMENT.
  - J
  - FOR the convenience of our customers, we have compiled a Price List of parts suitable for replacement in case of damage. These parts can be readily fitted if the services of a skilled mechanic are available.
  - When ordering, it is always advisable to return damaged parts, as slight modifications of design are
  - made from time to time.
  - LIST OF PARTS.
  - £ f. d.
  - A. Driving Pulley, 4 speed; gunmetal, with Fixing Screws A100 0 10 6
  - B. Driving Shaft, with low Gear Worm and Gear Locating Slots A101 0 12 6
  - c. Adjustable Side Bearing A102 0 4 0
  - D. High Gear Fibre Driving Disc, with Brass Collar and Fixing Screws A103 0 10 6
  - E. Side Plate, with Knob A104 0 3 6
  - F Side Plate Locking Screw A105 0 0 6
  - G. High and Low Gear assembly for main Spindle A106 0 18 6
  - H. Position Washer for above A107 0 0 1
  - I. Clutch complete A108 0 16 6
  - / Screw and Washer for Main Spindle A109 0 0 2
  - K. Clutch Fork ••• A110 0 6 0
  - L. Clutch Fork Guide Rod Alll 0 0 4
  - M. Clutch Operating Cam with Cross Rod All 2 0 3 0
  - N. Electric Contact, complete A113 0 7 6
  - Lacquered Milled Terminals (Binding Posts) for Contact & Base, each A114 0 0 6
  - Levelling Screws for Drum Base Feet, vertical and horizontal, each A115 0 2 6
  - Steel Screws for Side Bearing and Side Plate ... ... each A116 0 0 1
  - „ Contact ... ... ... ... each All 7 0 0 1
  - Lacquered Brass Cylinder, 6" diameter, complete with Locking clamp A54 1 10 0
  - New Pattern Locking Clamp only A119 0 5 6
  - Fixing Screws for Locking Clamp ... ... ... each A120 0 0 1
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - STAND for the
  - SHERRINGTON-STARLING RECORDING DRUM.
  - A150.
  - IT has been found in practice that the student often wants to move his drum, either to tighten the driving band, or to make room for other instruments—this means that any writing levers adjusted to the drums have to be re-arranged. To obviate this, the above Stand has been designed. It consists of a cast-iron base, upon which the drum rests. There is a long slot in which slide two arms, each carrying a §" upright rod. They not only slide along the slot, but they can be rotated on the fixing screws, and so placed in any desired position either on the same or opposite sides of the cylinder. These arms are made in two forms : the form A has a |" upright rigidly fixed in it, while the form B has an upright which can be rotated through an arc of about 10° by the screw C. Furthermore, this upright can at any time be rotated so as to move the writing lever away from the writing surface, where it remains until it is pushed back, when it returns to its former position. This has many advantages, the chief of which is that the drum can be removed from the Stand and a new paper put on ; and on replacing the drum, it takes up exactly the same position as before, the Stand being fitted with the well-known dumps, i.e., “ V ” slot, centre and flat, devised by Lord Kelvin for this purpose.
  - The illustration represents the Stand with an outline of a standard drum in position, showing the relative sizes of a 6" and a 12" cylinder.
  - £ d.
  - Price of Stand with one each A and B pattern arms (as illustrated) A 150 3 0 0
  - ,, ,, ,, two A pattern arms ... ... ... A 151 2 15 0
  - „ „ „ „ B „ „ ....................A 152 3 5 0
  - * The Model as illustrated will be sent unless otherwise ordered.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - SINGLE (SLOW) SPEED DRUM
  - have often been asked if we can supply a Drum for slow speeds only, and in response have designed the above. In size it is similar to our standard Sherrington-Starling Drum, taking the same cylinders and fitting the Drum Stand (see A150). For the gearing a worm and wheel are used, the reduction being such that the driven cone pulley has to be turned approximately 220 times to revolve the Drum one complete turn.
  - A friction clutch has been incorporated in the base, so that the Drum can be started or stopped at will. There is a cone pulley, having four speeds, for connecting the Drum to the laboratory shafting, small motor, or other source of power.
  - PRICE of Drum, with standard 6" x 6" cylinder
  - (as illustration)
  - £ s. cl.
  - A200 6 10 0
  - ,, if fitted with cylinder 10" high x
  - 6" diameter A201 7 10 0
  - 6" high x 12" diameter A202 9 10 0
  - Palmer A200.
  - This Drum can be fitted with electric contacts similar to those on the Standard Drum for 15/- extra.
  - I*lease mention “ contacts ” when ordering.
  - Net weight of Drum with 6" x 6" cylinder ... 20 lbs.
  - GLAZED PAPER, cut to size and gummed one end for the 6" X 6" cylinder ... .. A300 per 100 3/6 ; per 1,000 32/6
  - >’ ,, 6" x 12" ,, .. A301 „ 7/- „ 65/-
  - GLAZED PAPER in rolls of 50 yards. 5J" wide (14*5 c.m.), for the 6" high cylinders . .. A3 05 per roll 4/-
  - ,, „ „ „ W" „ (25-0 c.m.), „ 10" „ .. A306 „ J4- 7/6
  - This paper can be cut to length, as required, when a long paper extension is wanted.
  - For Smoking Stand, see A250.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - DRUM FOR TAKING SPIRAL TRACINGS.
  - A 205
  - T^HIS is a slow single speed drum, as No. A 200, but constructed in such a manner that tracings A extending up to five] times round the cylinder can be taken. This is accomplished in the following manner: The main spindle does not revolve, as in the above mentioned drum, but is stationary and has a spiral groove A of 1" pitch cut upon its upper length. On the top of the cylinder is a bolt />, which engages with the groove, but is capable of being withdrawn so that the cylinder can be raised or lowered by hand. Below the cylinder, and revolving on the main spindle, is an arm carrying an upright rod D, passing freely through a hole in the cylinder end. Now it is obvious that when the bolt is engaging with the groove and the cylinder is turned by the arm and upright rod, the cylinder will rise T' for each complete turn and so a continuous tracing upwards of eight feet long can be obtained, which is useful for tracings of small amplitude.
  - This drum can also be used to take ordinary (one turn) tracings. For this purpose there is a collar, C, which can be fixed at any convenient height and upon which the cylinder revolves, the bolt, of course, being withdrawn.
  - £ s. d.
  - Price of Drum with 0" x 6" cylinder ... ... ... ... A 205 11 5 0
  - Extra Cylinders, as A 54, but fitted with bolt in place of the clamp A 206 1 12 0 each
  - For long tracings of greater amplitude, where a large Kymograph is not available, we recommend
  - the Standard Drum A 50 with Extension A 57. (See also the complete assembly for Mammalian class work.)
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN DRUM.
  - '“PHIS Drum is complete with self contained built-in motor to run off the lighting mains and can be supplied for any one voltage 50 to 250, either D.C. or A.C. single phase.
  - There are nominally five speeds which, measured on the surface of a standard 6" cylinder, are approximately 18, T6, 15, 135 and 1215 cm. per minute. Further, by adjusting the speed regulating knob R, these speeds can be raised gradually to about double, or cut down to half, which is useful when exact rates are required.
  - To change the speed it is only necessary to raise the lower lever F out of the notch in the quadrant G and swing it round until it is over the notch required. Each notch being marked with the respective speed, as above. Raising the lever F does two things. It not only stops the drum instantaneously by putting a brake on, but also prevents the drum from turning while changing gear. This is of importance should it be desirable to alter the speed during an experiment. There is an extra notch marked N (neutral). When the control lever F is in this, the drum is free to be turned by hand.
  - Electrical contacts K' and K" are provided which make contact with a shielded spring in the block H. These contacts are adjustable to any position round the axis of the cylinder.
  - On the top of the base at S' and S" are studs, so that at any time arms, as in the side illustration, can be had. These arms are jointed and are similar to, but smaller, than those on the Brodie-Starling Kymograph.
  - Incorporated in this drum is the upward spiral movement, as in drum No. A 205, giving a continuous tracing up to 1" wide and five times round the cylinder in length. Such movement is valuable at times, but it in no way detracts from its usefulness as an ordinary drum, means being provided to run the cylinder at any height on the spindle. This drum is not suitable for use with a long paper extension.
  - For reference to the letters A, B, C and D, see description of drum No. A 205.
  - A 208
  - Price of Drum arranged for ordinary as well as Spiral tracing ... ... A 207 £20 0 0
  - Extra for jointed arms, as smaller illustration, per pair ... ... ... A 208 £15 0
  - Please give full details of your electric supply, “W
  - C. F. PALMER (London) Ltd.
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- - CLOCK-WORK DRUMS.
  - FAST SPEEDS.
  - THESE can be made to revolve at practically any speed from one revolution in about five seconds. They are fitted with adjustable fan escapements, giving a wide range, as will be seen from the following table of speeds and prices.
  - All have standard 6" x 6" cylinders (interchangeable with the Standard Drums, A50), and the gears being of robust character will carry 12" cylinders, with the exception of the fastest speed drums, when the starting would be somewhat sluggish.
  - The Drums run from one to five hours with one winding. We cannot, however, guarantee them to run at so uniform a speed as the power-driven drums.
  - The following are the standard approximate speeds :— Clockwork Drum. Revolving once in 5 to 15 seconds ... A210 \ Price £ s. d.
  - ,, ,, ,, ,, }> to 3 minutes ... A211 - each 8 10 0
  - „ ,, ,, „ 15 to 60 ... A212 J
  - A two-speed drum having speeds as A210 and 211 ... ... A213 ) 10 10 0
  - A211 and 212 ... ... A214 J 5?
  - A three-speed „ ,, ,, A210, 211 and 212 ... A215 5? 12 10 0
  - If this drum is required to be used on the base A150, a special
  - adapter is supplied with levelling screws ... A216 5? 0 7 6
  - On the two and three-speed drums there is a neat change speed lever, the cylinder remaining in the same position.
  - A simple starting and stopping device is fitted to all.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 19/114
- - CLOCK-WORK DRUMS.
  - SLOW SPEEDS.
  - A224 represents a slow-speed Drum, having a standard 6" x 6" cylinder, and revolving once in seven days.
  - It has superior clockwork movement, with jewelled escapement, and is supplied complete with handle upon which, in the absence of a smoking stand (A150), the cylinder can be smoked.
  - PRICE
  - If fitted with 12" cylinder
  - Weight :
  - (With 6" cylinder) 10 lbs.
  - £ s- d-
  - A224 10 0 0 A225 13 0 0
  - A224
  - A231
  - A231 is a Drum having a speed of one revolution in five hours. It is supplied with the standard size of cylinder, but will quite successfully carry a 12" one, as the illustration shows. The clock-work is of a more robust design than that in A224, and has fan escapement.
  - The cylinder can be revolved in a forward direction only by hand, and there is a starting and stopping device.
  - PRICE :
  - With standard 6" x 6"
  - cylinder A230 „ 12" x 6"
  - cylinder A231 Extra cylinder only,
  - 6" x 6" ... A54
  - 12" x 6" ... A55
  - £ s. d. 8 10 0 11 10 0 1 10 0 4 10 0
  - Weight (with 6" cylinder): 19 lbs.
  - A similar Drum can be supplied to run at any one faster speed up to one revolution in fifteen minutes.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 20/114
- - SMOKING STAND.
  - IT is pointed out on the leaflet relating to the Sherrington-Starling Drums that no separate smoking stand is necessary, as the drums can be easily smoked on their own stand. Nevertheless, we have frequently been asked to supply such : and, moreover, where a number of drums have to be smoked, it is much better to have this done on a special stand. That illustrated above will be found excellent for this purpose.
  - The drum cylinder is taken off its stand, and when a paper has been fixed on, it is slipped on to the horizontal spindle as shown. This spindle is mounted on ball bearings and therefore runs very easily, and can be kept in motion by the fingers of the right hand while the burner is held by the left, or the burner can be laid on the supports on tray and the drum lowered to it; this, however, necessitates either removing the burner or turning the gas down while putting the cylinder on the spindle.
  - The Stand will take either the 6" (as indicated) or 12" cylinders as fitted on the Standard Sherrington-Starling Drums.
  - It may here be pointed out that this Stand, fitted with a standard 6" cylinder, makes quite a useful horizontal drum for occasional work where a hand-turned drum is permissable ; or a cone pulley can be fixed direct to cylinder (see A270).
  - PRICES. £ 5. d.
  - Stand ... A250 2 12 6
  - Burner for gas, as shown in position above ... A291 1 17 6
  - ,, ,, kerosene, with a 3" wick and winding-up gear, a ,s illustrated at side ... A265 2 5 0
  - 6" Cylinder A54 1 10 0
  - ,, fitted with cone A270 2 0 6
  - See also No. 280 for the special Varnishing- Tray for Drum Papers.
  - PAPER.
  - £ s. d.
  - Glazed Paper, 20" x 5‘f A300 per 100 0 3 6
  - ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, 1000 1 12 6
  - ,, • 40" x 5f A301 ,, 100 0 7 0
  - )! >> ,, ,, 1000 3 5 0
  - in rolls, 50 yds. x 5f' A305 ,, roll 0 4 0
  - >> 5) ,, 50 yds. X 91" A306 ,, >> 0 7 6
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 21/114
- - 8
  - VARNISHING TRAY.
  - * I ’HE Varnishing Tray here shown will be found to be a very useful piece of apparatus for varnishing cut papers, up to 3 or 4 ft. in length, and any width not exceeding 10".
  - The paper to be varnished is held by the two ends and passed under the round arm seen projecting above the tray. This arm is carried on a sliding rod, which is supported by a spring and controlled by a foot lever ; upon depressing the latter the paper is immersed in the varnish to a depth regulated by a milled screw on the top of the rod. The paper is then drawn through and out of the varnish.
  - A convenient method of filling the tray is to have the varnish contained in a bottle as shown. This bottle normally stands on the floor, or shelf below the level of the tray. Upon raising the bottle and opening the pinch-cock, or vent, at top of the bottle, varnish will flow into the tray and back again when the bottle is again lowered. It may here be mentioned that if there is a T or extra tube at the top of the bottle with a pin-hole, it will not be necessary to wait for the varnish to run back before closing the pinch-cock. Where there is not a table or other convenient support for the bottle, two suitable bracket shelves can be had.
  - Almost any quick-drying spirit varnish can be used if sufficiently diluted. That known as “ white hard,” when diluted to 4 to 12 times its bulk with methylated spirit and a very minute quantity of castor oil added, gives good results. The use of oil is to render the varnish pliable; too much will prevent it drying and leave it sticky.
  - PRICE :
  - Tray, with foot lever ... ... ... ... £2 10 6
  - Bracket Shelves for bottle ... ... ... ... 5 6
  - Bottle and tubing extra if required.
  - See leaflet No. 7 describing the special Smoking Stand for Drums.
  - Revised May, 1928.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), Ltd.
- p.n.n. - vue 22/114
- - 3
  - Tins portion packed xoith cotton wool.
  - Gas inlet.
  - lleservoir for Benzol.
  - THE SMOKER.
  - For Smoking Long Paper for the BRODIE-STARLING KYMOGRAPH and the SHERRINGTON-STARLING DRUM EXTENSION, Etc.
  - THIS consists of a pair of cylinders mounted on a stout upright rod 5ft. long, with a pair of brackets (A and B) for fixing to the wall. It will take the longest papers that can be used on either of the above instruments. The lower cylinder is 11" long by 6" diameter, and is provided with a cone pulley intended to be driven from the laboratory shafting. 'This pulley has a friction clutch for starting or stopping. It should be caused to revolve clockways, when it is only necessary to screw up the nut F to start the cylinder or grasp it suddenly to stop.
  - The varnishing tray fits up under the lower cylinder, and should be connected by means of a flexible tube to a large bottle having a bottom opening, to contain the varnish. At the extreme end of the rod there is a pin K to prevent the varnishing tray being accidentally slipped off.
  - When fixing the apparatus, the distance from A to B should be about 4 ft., and from B to K about 1 ft. Fitting on the top of the rod is the collar H. The object of this is that, if the set screws in the brackets A and B be left loose, the whole may be turned out from the wall like a gate, which is sometimes convenient in putting on or taking off a paper in confined situations.
  - The Gas Smoking Burner gives a very fine black when used with gas only. A more smoky flame can be obtained by filling the reservoir with some hydrocarbon, such as benzol (H0 Ct;). It is then only necessary to hold the burner down occasionally, when some of the benzol will run through to the cotton wool contained in the handle and through which the gas percolates.
  - TT/ie following instructions way be of assistance to
  - those not familiar with the Brodie Kymograph.
  - To Prepare and Smoke a Paper.— Having cut off the
  - desired length, lay it face down on the table, and bring the two ends over to meet in the middle and gum together, using the edge of the lower portion of the paper as a guide for straightness. When dry, place the band over cylinders, raising C till paper is taut. Start the paper moving at a good speed, say, 3 ft. per second, and if it does not run true on the cylinders, loosen tire screw in arm carrying the top cylinder C, and move it sideways either towards or from the wall till paper runs true on cylinders. Now it may be blackened, and when a satisfactory surface has been obtained, stop by gripping the knob F ; lower C slightly ; grip paper by diametrically opposite points, when it can be slipped off and put on the Kymograph cylinders.
  - To Varnish a Paper.- Replace paper on cylinders as for smoking, or on the special varnishing cylinders ; bring varnishing tray under, and raise up as high as possible without fear of touching. Start paper revolving as for smoking. It is then only necessary to lift the bottle of varnish up (having previously removed the top cork) to a height above the level of tray, when the varnish will run into the latter. As soon as it touches the paper, the bottle should be replaced on the floor, and when the varnish has all run back into the bottle, the top cork may be replaced. Let paper revolve for a few minutes to dry before taking off. See also Leaflet No. 8.
  - The complete Smoker, together with the Smoking Burner, is included with the Brodie-Starling Kymograph. If wanted separately, the price is :—
  - £ s. d.
  - Smoker with Varnishing Tray (as illustrated) ... ... ... ... ... 10 100
  - Gas Smoking Burner, 5a", for papers for Drum Extension ... ... ... 117 6
  - » j» ,, 9", for papers for the large Kymograph ... ... ... 2 20
  - Kerosene Smoking Burner, 3" ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 5 0
  - See also leaflets Nos. 3a, 7 and 8.
  - Eevised : May, 1928.
  - C. F. PALMER (London) Ltd.
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- - THE VARNISHER.
  - For Varnishing Long Papers.
  - 3a.
  - JT has been suggested to us, the inadvisability of smoking and varnishing papers on the same pair of cylinders ; we have, therefore, designed a slightly modified form to that described on the preceding leaflet, for varnishing only.
  - As will be seen, it is very similar in construction, and all the remarks on leaflet No. 3 apply equally, except that it is intended to be worked by hand, and the brackets A and B should be about 3" further apart.
  - PRICE ................... £6 10 0
  - HAND DRIVE FOR THE SMOKER.
  - JT is often difficult to arrange to drive the Smoker usually supplied with the Brodie-Starling and Demonstration Kymographs from the laboratory shafting or other source of power. To overcome this difficulty, we are supplying the Hand Drive here illustrated. It fits all the Smokers supplied since 1919, and is easily fitted on. •
  - PRICE ..................... £115 0
  - Please Note. — The above Hand Drive can be supplied to Jit Smokers -made prior to JQig, at the same cost, if so ordered, the difference being in the size of the main upright rod', which is now \" ; previously £".
  - KEROSENE BURNER.
  - |70R use in places not supplied with gas, we make a 3" wind-up wick Kerosene Burner, giving a quick coarse black, which can, however, be somewhat modified, according to the adjustment of the wick.
  - PRICE ........ £2 5 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), Ltd.
  - Reprinted June, 1928.
- p.n.n. - vue 24/114
- - DRUM PAPERS.
  - 20 X 5f (gummed one end) A300. 3/6 per 100; 32/6 per 1,000 40x5f „ „ „ A301. 7/- „ 65/-
  - C. F. PALMER, (London) Ltd.
  - KYMOGRAPH PAPER.
  - 50 yds. x 9J in. A 306. per roll 7/6 50 yds. x 5f in. A 305. ,, 4/-
  - C. F. PALMER, (London) Ltd.
- p.n.n. - vue 25/114
- - B
  - SECTION
  - B
  - TIME RECORDING
  - Pendulum Clocks. Metronomes.
  - Stop Watches. Tippers.
  - Time Markers or Signals. Tuning Forks. Spring Contacts. Drop Counters.
- p.n.n. - vue 26/114
- - THE LATE PROF. BRODIE’S
  - PENDULUM TIME-MARKING CLOCK.
  - See Proceedings of ihe Physiological Society, December 8th, 1900.
  - B1
  - ,rjpHE Clock consists of a half-second pendulum, the swing of which is maintained electromagnetically. The pendulum acts by means of a pawl B upon a rachet wheel A. This wheel has 60 teeth, and is moved forward one tooth for each double swing of the pendulum. As it moves, one of the teeth at the side of the wheel is made to depress a spring, and thus close the electric circuit of the writing signal. The contact is very short, so that a sharp tracing is given by the chronograph. On the same axis are other ratchet wheels, each with a different number of teeth, 30, 6, 2 and 1 respectively, and the spring contact is mounted on an axis, so that it may be moved into position to be acted upon by any one of these wheels. By this means the Clock can be used to record each second, or every two, ten, thirty, or sixty seconds.
  - The swing of the pendulum is maintained by the electromagnet E, acting upon an armature F, attached <to the end of the pendulum, for an instant, when the pendulum is at the extreme left end of its swing. This is effected by means of a small metal tongue hanging from the end of the pendulum, which engages in the notched piece fixed on the upper surface of the spring G. When the pendulum begins to swing back the spring is depressed, thus closing the circuit of the electromagnet. The pendulum receives a pull, which, however, is only of momentary duration, for by the time the pendulum is over the electromagnet, the tongue has left the notch and the circuit is broken. The electromagnet is sufficiently powerful to increase the amplitude of the swing to such an extent that for the next two or three swings the tongue passes completely over the notch, and it is only when the swing begins to die down that the electromagnet is again called into play in the manner described.
  - The same battery (connected to terminals 1 and 2) is used to maintain the pendulum and to work the recording signal (connected to terminals 3 and 4). Two or three Leclanche batteries are sufficient for the purpose, as the current is only required for such short instants of time.
  - A very simple device is employed for starting and stopping the Clock. This consists of a spring hook K, on which the pendulum is hooked. By raising the lever to which the hook is fixed, the pendulum is released. By lowering the lever, the pendulum is again caught automatically, since the hook is fixed in such a position that it will catch the pendulum when its swing has been reinforced by the electromagnet. This lever has now been made to act as a switch to break the time-marker circuit 1—4 (not shown in above diagram).
  - SEE SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ON NEXT PAGE FOR PRICE & INSTRUCTIONS.
- p.n.n. - vue 27/114
- - THE LATE PROF. BRODIE’S
  - PENDULUM TIME-MARKING CLOCK.
  - Supplementary Notes, January, 1930.
  - B1
  - SINCE the preceding leaflet was written many years ago it has come to our notice that these Brodie Clocks are often required to give time signals, not only in the laboratory where they are fixed, but in one or more distant rooms, and for this purpose the comparatively weak Leclanche Batteries have been discarded, and a battery or accumulator of 4 to 6 volts to overcome the resistance of the long leads to the extra room, has been substituted. This extra power has the effect of upsetting the proper working of the pendulum originally made for 2 or 3 Leclanche Cells. We therefore think it advisable to give the following hints which we trust will be of use.
  - To drive the clock, 3 Leclanche Cells, as stated in the original instructions are ample and these should be connected to terminals Nos. 1 and 2 as numbered in the diagram, say the — pole to No. 1 and the + to No. 2. Now it is clear that No. 3 being directly connected to No. 2 becomes the + pole of the signal circuit. If a greater voltage than the driving battery gives is required, terminal 3 must be ignored and a larger battery added with the - pole connected to terminal No. 1, and the + pole taken direct to the signal circuit, the return wire coming back to terminal No. 4, the circuit being completed via the contact C. to terminal No. 1 and so to the battery.
  - In modern practice accumulators have to a very great extent replaced the older batteries. Instead therefore of using two separate batteries, a single 2 or 3 cell accumulator may be connected to terminal No. 1, and a 2 volt tapping taken to terminal No. 2. The opposite pole of the battery being then led to the signal circuit as stated above. Here a word of CAUTION. If by accident the wires at the signal become “ shorted ” considerable damage may be done, it is therefore advisable to have a pair of fuses of a maximum capacity of 2 amperes inserted in the circuit near the clock.
  - A very much better, if more expensive way is to have a relay in each position where signals are required, working a local battery circuit. An accidental “ short ” then would not upset the whole of the system but would only interfere with the local circuit. This is of very great consideration where important research work is being carried on simultaneously in more than one room taking time signals from the same clock.
  - PRICE, in polished mahogany case with glass front .. ... B1 ;£10 10 0
  - If specially ordered, this Clock will be sent out so that every tenth mark is missed in the onc-second tracing, to facilitate counting.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
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- - METRONOME
  - " sHOSE requiring an interrupter that can be adjusted from about 40 to 200 contacts per minute will find the well-known instrument of the musical world very suitable. The Metronome here illustrated is of good reliable French make, upon which we fit double mercury contacts. By connecting to one mercury cup only, half the number of contacts as above are made, or it can be used to give an impulse to two circuits alternately.
  - PRICE ... B5 £1 15 0
  - STUDENTS' SPRING TIME-MARKER.
  - THIS is a simple vibrating spring, heavily weighted, and with arm writing direct on the drum (as shown). It vibrates long enough for many experiments, or, with a little practice, an occasional few well-timed pressures with the finger, near the fixed end of the spring, will keep it going indefinitely. It is adjustable (to two marks) for quarter and half seconds.
  - ELECTRICALLY MAINTAINED TUNING FORK.
  - FOR measuring small intervals of time not exceeding fractions of a second, a vibrating fork is the most convenient instrument to use.
  - The fork illustrated is designed to write either direct on the recording cylinder (having a |" hole to fit the standard upright, and a screw to regulate the pressure of the writing point) or it can be used as an ordinary interrupter, in which case it is placed upon the stand provided (not shown in illustration).
  - For most purposes the fork having 100 double vibrations per second is suitable, and has therefore become “ standard ” ; nevertheless, we are sometimes asked for and supply forks giving 200 double vibrations per second.
  - It will be noted that the instrument has three terminals. When used by itself to write direct on the cylinder, the battery wires are connected to the outer terminals marked (direct), L (line), or when used in conjunction with a time-marker ( such as B25), the battery should be connected to L—^'(series) being connected to the time-marker, the circuit being completed by a third wire taken from this back to the battery.
  - £ s- d.
  - PRICE with stand for 100 D.V............................ B12 4 10 0
  - „ „ „ „ 200 D.V............................ B14 5 0 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 29/114
- - TIME MARKERS or SIGNALS.
  - 14
  - Fig. 1.
  - Fig. 1 shows a useful form for general work and students’ use, for recording time not less than one-fifth of a second. It has a double magnet, mounted upon an iron frame, with vulcanite terminal block. The renewable writing point is cut from thin white celluloid and slips into a brass clip. The stem is if" and therefore fits all standard “ X ” Blocks.
  - PRICE ... .................. each 18/6
  - do. ................. per doz. £10 10 0
  - X Block and Stand extra.
  - For writing points see leaflet No. 16a.
  - Fig. 2 is of somewhat different form, being mounted upon a vulcanite base. It is made up either as a single, double, or triple instrument as illustration. The nickel silver writing points can be independently adjusted to the writing surface and if desired adapted to take ink pens.
  - The stems are all $" as above.
  - These are now somewhat modified so are not exactly as illustrated.
  - PRICE
  - Single ... ... ... ... £17 6
  - Double ... ... ... ... ... £2 5 0
  - Triple (as illustrated) ... ... ... £3 10 0
  - ocroBKii im C. F. PALMER (London) Ltd.
- p.n.n. - vue 30/114
- - PNEUMATIC SIGNAL.
  - THE Signal illustrated above is for use during experimental work. It is operated by means of the rubber ball, which can be held in the hand, or placed on the floor and worked by the foot. It is so constructed that the barrel containing the piston can be reversed in the holder, thus making a right or left hand instrument at will.
  - The spring wire seen at the top of the illustration can be used as the writing point without any addition.
  - PRICE, complete, with india-rubber ball and 6' of tube,
  - B30 £1 1 0.
  - The above is fitted with a standard -f" stem 5" long.
  - F
  - POCKET CHRONOGRAPHS.
  - OR the convenience of our clients we can supply Swiss made Stop Watches which have been tested by ourselves and found to be quite satisfactory, and therefore have no hesitation in recommending them.
  - FULL TIME CHRONOGRAPHS as illustrated, having superior jewelled movement with “fly back ” action, it being only necessary to press the knob to start the timing action. A second pressure to stop, while a third pressure on the knob causes the hand to fly back to zero. This is a good pocket watch with the advantage of having “ stop action ” recording up to 30 minutes.
  - PRICE :
  - £ s. d.
  - In black oxydised, or J - TO- C nickel case B50 —0—0-
  - In Solid Silver
  - Case ... B51 <*> ~~0 0
  - 30 MINUTE TIMER.
  - i OR timing experiments in the Laboratory up to 30 mins, duration by 1 /5th seconds, this is an excellent instrument at a moderate price. It has “ fly back” action similar to above.
  - PRICE :
  - in black oxydised or nickel case
  - B52 £* I -0 -
  - £/ 'S' o
  - C. F. PALMER (London). LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 31/114
- - CONDON’S MAGNETIC TIPPER.
  - PRICE
  - B72 £1 18 6
  - X Block extra
  - The following is Reprinted from '•'Phys. Proceedings,” June 2Sth, /p/j :
  - A MAGNET-TIPPER FOR RECORDING OUTFLOW.
  - By N. E. Condon
  - (Pharmacological Department, University College, LondonV
  - “ r I ’'HIS tipper consists of a small spoon on the end of a rod, which is supported on a pivot X at B and balanced by a counter.weight at C, which can be moved away from or towards the pivot. The rod is continued beyond the pivot to a support D and ends in an iron expansion. Below this is fixed a horseshoe magnet M, acting on the iron expansion, but prevented from actually touching it by the screw support D. As the water to be measured flows into the spoon, the latter is held in position by the counter.weight and magnet, but when these are overcome, the spoon descends suddenly and a platinum point on the rod strikes on the platinum point E, thus closing the circuit connected to an electric signal on the drum. The point E may be moved upwards or downwards when
  - necessary by moving the triangular plate on which it is supported, and which is isolated by vulcanite from the rest of the apparatus. When the spoon is emptied, the weight swings back into position, where it is held by the magnet. The latter is the essential feature of the apparatus, as, when its attraction is overcome, the bar moves with a sudden jerk, which is not present in a merely counter-
  - weighted bar. The amount of fluid sufficient to move the spoon may be varied considerably (1___5 c.c.)
  - by moving the weight and adjusting the distance between the magnet and the bar by means of the screw at D.
  - The tipper is made by C. F. Palmer.”
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 32/114
- - CONDON’S DROP COUNTER.
  - B75
  - THIS instrument, devised by Mr. N. E. Condon and described by him in 1921 (see “ Proceedings of Physiological Society,” December 17th), is represented about half the actual size. It consists of a spiral of thin wire, which is supported on a pivot with a counter balance weight. The whole stands upon a brass rod carrying an electric contact screw. Between the spiral and the pivot is a projecting wire which dips into an isolated mercury cup when the spiral is depressed and thus closes an electric circuit. The spiral is fairly open and is protected by a transparent celluloid shield. A drop of fluid falling from the pipette above depresses the spiral and completes the circuit. The drop runs through the spiral and may be collected in a dish below.
  - The advantages of the recorder are
  - (1) That it acts when the spiral is only 5—10 mm. from the point of discharge.
  - (2) That it records accurately the number of drops.
  - (3) There is no loss of fluid caused by splashing.
  - This instrument will easily record up to 200 drops per minute. With one of the latest improved instruments, and with careful adjustment Mr. Condon has successfully recorded 420 drops per minute, and below is given a reproduction of an actual tracing secured by him.
  - Hme
  - I SEC. -
  - Drops -v
  - These instruments are now sent out with three nickel silver spirals, with weights attached.
  - PRICE ... B75 £ s. (i. 0 15 0
  - Platinum Wire Spiral B76 5 - each extra.
  - Nickel Silver Spiral B77 6d. „
  - The latter are suitable for most experiments and when bent or corroded, can be discarded.
  - An adjustment is necessary with fluids of varying viscosity, and is made by bending the wire so as to place the weight nearer to, or farther from, the axis.
  - Mr. Condon in a letter dated May lGth, 1922, points out that the drop counter makes an excellent interrupter for muscle work when placed in series with the primary of an induction coil.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 33/114
- - SECTION
  - RECORDING INSTRUMENTS
  - T ambour s Levers
  - Manometers Volume Recorders
  - Myographs Ergometer
- p.n.n. - vue 34/114
- - TAMBOURS.
  - THE BRODIE TAMBOUR is .similar to an ordinary Tambour, but the base, or cup, is made much heavier, which gives it steadiness in action. Its chief feature is the simple but effective means of fixing the rubber diaphragm. Each instrument has two interchangeable diaphragm rings of 1" and 1-ij'' opening respectively.
  - To put on a diaphragm: first remove the recording lever and its support by slipping it off the stem ; then, holding the cup in the left hand, slip the screwed cap over the left thumb : next, lay a piece of thin sheet rubber over the cup and the selected diaphragm ring (large or small), and upon these the metal plate with knob in centre : hold this down with the left thumb, and trim off the surplus rubber with a small pair of scissors : screw on cap, remove metal plate, and all that remains to be done is to reassemble the lever and cement one of the small triangular pieces of cork to centre of diaphragm—on this the lever rests.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... ... Cl £2 10 0
  - THE NEW PATTERN BRODIE TAMBOUR is similar to the original as regards the method of fixing the diaphragm (the distinctive feature of the Brodie Tambour), but, instead of the lever support sliding along the stem, it is fixed, the cup being the movable part. The inlet can be either at the side as shown, or at the bottom. The Brodie Tambour can also be fitted with similar connections if wished.
  - Tambours with connections as illustrated sent unless otherwise ordered.
  - Both the above have jj" stems and fit the standard as well as the Adjustable “ X ” Block (see Section D).
  - PRICE ....................................C 2 £2 15 0
  - STUDENTS’ TAMBOUR, of simple but efficient design, with “ tie on” diaphragm, IT diameter. The stem of this instrument is smaller than the above, being only
  - PRICE, with diaphragm fitted ... ... ... C3 17/6
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 35/114
- - TAMBOURS.
  - 'T'HE above represents the old form of Tambour with tie-on diaphragm, which is still preferred by A many, mounted on and incorporated with one of the adjustable “X” Blocks. The great advantage of this Tambour over the usual Continental form lies in the fact that the cup with the connecting tube is detachable from the rest, so that it is a comparatively easy matter to tie on a new diaphragm. The adjustable “ X ” Block (see D 35) gives not only fine adjustment, but a quick outward movement of the writing-lever from writing surface, and the whole forms a very compact and good Tambour, having all the necessary movements, as on the much more expensive instrument, at a reasonable price.
  - PRICE (fitted with diaphragm complete) ... ... C 5 £2 2 0
  - CIO
  - Cll
  - C 12
  - Small Tambour, originally designed for Phonetic work, but of general utility. The lever is a steel needle on which can be slipped a fine straw as shown.
  - Made in three sizes, 22 mm. (C 10), 28 mm. (C 11), and 35 m.m. (C 12), either size, each £110
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 36/114
- - MERCURY MANOMETERS.
  - THESE we are prepared to supply in any form, or bore, with or without cocks, etc.
  - The glass tubes can be either the ordinary bent “ U ” tubes, or two straight tubes joined together at the lower ends by a short length of of rubber “ pressure ” tubing, as those supplied for many years with the “ Brodie ” and later with the Brodie-Starling Kymograph.” This latter form is recommended on account of there being less likelihood of fracture and the possibility of cleaning the inside of the tubes. On the other hand, if this form is used for measuring a large rise in pressure, it is obvious that there will be a slight and equal drop of the Mercury in both legs of the Manometer, due to the expansion of the rubber tube under the extra pressure which will need a slight adjustment of the scale, but it in no way affects the accuracy of the Manometer. The difference however is so slight as to be negligible in most experiments.
  - All tubes are approximately 5 m.m. bore unless ordered otherwise.
  - Manometer mounted on teak wood block with tubes 30 c.m, long reading to 250 m.m. complete with scale (adjustable by sliding), float with aluminium wire, cap for tube, writing point, suspension for and guide weight, also fitting for upright, as illustrated : -
  - PRICE without stand ... .. ... ... C20 27.,6
  - with stand ... ... ... ... C21 32/6
  - C 21
  - Standard Manometer similar to that supplied with the Brodie-Starling Kymograph but with fitting for jT rod. This Manometer has tubes 30 c.m. long, with three-way glass cock C, adjustable scale, float and wire, writing point, weight IV, and suspension for same .S’, and in addition to the cap on the tube, this Manometer has a guide G for the top of the aluminium wire.
  - PRICE...................................C 22 35-
  - ,, withstand ... ... ... C23 40-
  - Manometer similar to the above but having tubes 38 c.m. long, reading up to 300 m.m. of Mercury. In all other respects as C22.
  - PRICE...................................C 24 37 6
  - ,. withstand ... ... ... C 25 42 6
  - “ Bell ” shaped floats for 5 m.m. tubes with aluminium wire 2 - each, C 30. Please state exact size whe?i ordering.
  - White Celluloid writing points, or flags ... ... C 31 1 - per doz.
  - Celluloid in sheets 10 1000" from which wiiting points
  - may be cut ... ... ... ... C 180 2/- sq. ft.
  - White Manometer Scales, double reading, to 250 m.m. C 45 3/-
  - do. do. do. 300 m.m. C46 3/6
  - The above are fitted with clips to slide behind Manometer tube.
  - If without clips 6d. each less.
  - Any scales cut and engraved to order.
  - C 25
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 37/114
- - VOLUME RECORDERS.
  - THE Piston Recorder (as illustrated) is a much better instrument than those usually made from glass tube, which is never round, straight, or parallel. The tubes of the above are specially drawn and annealed for us, after which we grind them perfectly true in a universal internal grinding machine. In place of the vulcanite pistons formerly fitted, we now fit pistons turned from light aluminium alloy. These are not affected by the extreme heat of hot countries as were the vulcanite ones.
  - The pistons and cylinders of these recorders must be kept perfectly clean and with no lubricant applied other than air. When stowed away, it is well to place them upside down so that no dust will settle in them.
  - It will be noticed that the cylinder can be adjusted up and down, or in and out, in relation to the fulcrum of the lever, without disturbing the position of the writing point.
  - Made in three sizes, approximately 18 nun., 31 mm. and 42 mm. internal diameters: all fitted with
  - three sizes, approximately 18 mm., 31 mm. and 42 mm. interna
  - stems.
  - PRICES: £ s. d.
  - 18 mm. C 50 3 15 0
  - 31 mm. C 51 4 4 0
  - 42 mm. C 52 5 10 0
  - C 60/63
  - THE Volume Recorder (as illustrated) consists of a chamber’ made of copper-foil open at the bottom, and floating in a tank over a central tube. The chamber is so shaped that the movement is directly proportional to the volume. It is pivoted at one end, and has an adjustable balance weight, provision being made for fixing the writing lever1..
  - Can be made in any size to order, the standard sizes being as follows :—
  - Siz K ( >r Fi.o.v'. Capacity. S17. K OI T, ANK. p RICE
  - £ ,S. d.
  - 5 X 3 cm. 20 cc. 7 X 5 cm. C 60 2 10 0
  - 7 X 5 cm. 80 cc. 9 X 7 cm. C 61 2 12 6
  - 10 X 7 cm. 225 cc. 12 X 9 cm. C 62 3 12 0
  - 15 X 10 cm. 000 cc. 17 X .12 cm. C 63 5 2 0
  - The largest Recorder can be fitted with double outlets and tray for soda lime C 64 5 lb 0
  - C F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 38/114
- - VOLUME RECORDERS
  - C 66/68
  - OF late we have had a demand for Float Recorders, not only the large ones (Nos. 0 60 to C 64) of from 20 to 600 cc. capacity, but for recorders very much smaller.
  - In these there is but one size of tank in which either of the three floats is interchangeable.
  - Their respective maximum volume recording capacity being 10 cc., 7'5 cc. and 5 cc.
  - £ s. d.
  - 2 0 0
  - 2 0 0 2 0 0 3 15 0
  - If desired the floats can be gold plated with the view to arresting corrosion for 5/- to 10/- each extra, according to the amount of gold deposited.
  - PRICE :
  - Tank with one 10 cc. Float ... .. ... C 65
  - ,, ,, ,, 7-5 cc. ,, ... ... ... C 66
  - ,, ,, ,, 5 cc. ,, ... ... ... C 67
  - ,, ,, three Floats, one each as above ... ... C 68
  - C 70
  - A still smaller Recorder is made, having a tubular float as in illustration. These are made of the following capacities : 5 cc., 2-5 cc. and T5 cc. respectively.
  - PRICE : £ s. d.
  - Recorder with one 5 cc. Float C 70 l 15 0
  - ,, „ ,, 2-5 cc. „ ... C 71 l 15 0
  - „ „ „ 1-5 cc. „ C 72 l 15 0
  - ,, ,, with three interchangeable Floats (one each size) 3 10 0
  - (Gold plating as above)
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 39/114
- - LEVERS.
  - The “ Brodie ” Universal Lever was designed for the late Prof. Brodie as a lever of general utility. In the upper illustration it is shown with the levers arranged to form a bell-crank lever, with adjustable spring support. In the lower, it is shown with two levers to form a*double-ended straight lever. The axis is screwed, and has two nuts between which the interchangeable lever, or levers, are clamped. There is a simple device for holding the axis central while screwing up the centre screw on which it rotates. It will be noticed that the stem screws into the head in various positions as is common to many of our levers.
  - PRICE, with one plain lever, one notched lever with holes, and one short lever C 100 each 8/6 doz. 96/-
  - X Block and Stand extra.
  - The “Fixit” Lever is similar to the “ Brodie,” and has various levers that can be fixed to the spindle, in the centre of which is a vulcanite roller having three pins set at an angle of 90X On the centre spindle and one of these pins
  - the levers fit, a nut holding them in position. Sliding through the frame is a rod carrving a spring that can be caused to bear against the roller to resist its turning, so that the lever is held in a fixed position while other adjustments are made—hence its name. C 101 Each \2IQ Per doz. 144/-
  - The Straw Holder consists of a spindle mounted on centres, and having a spring collar for gripping straws, and such-like to form light levers ... C 102 Each SjQ Per do:. 96/-
  - C 102
  - C 104
  - C 105
  - Isotonic Lever, of new design, having a cam in place of the usual after-loading screw. The enlarged and grooved portion of the spindle to which the cord and weight is attached is of three diameters, viz., 5, 7-5 and 10 mm.
  - Price... ... ... C 103 10/6
  - OR
  - Complete with Hook & Weights C 104 14/-
  - After-load Lever with supporting screw and holes for attaching muscle.
  - Each Per doz.
  - PRICE, complete with
  - one weight C 105 7/6 84/-
- p.n.n. - vue 40/114
- - After-load Lever similar in all respects to C 105, but with the
  - -.......... lever extended back beyond
  - the fulcrum, the screw being fitted above.
  - C 106 PRICE, complete with one weight
  - Cl06 each 7/6, doz. 84/-
  - It will be noticed that all the foregoing have supporting frames that can be fixed in various positions in relation to the stem, as on the original Brodie Lever
  - Isometric Lever, consisting of holder carrying a length of spring steel wire, and a flat steel lever with holes for attaching the thread. The length of the wire is adjustable C 107 each 13/-, doz. 144/-
  - C 108
  - Prof- Starling’s Heart Lever consists of a frame carrying a light steel lever, with holes and notches, supported by a fine adjustable nickel silver spring C 108 each 12j(S, f>er doz. 138/-
  - C 112 C 113
  - Prof. Starling’s Crank Myograph, with Frog Board and cork top, 4^" x 3]"
  - after-load lever, complete with
  - Do.
  - do. as above, but with double recording
  - levers the second lever having independent screw adjustment
  - Crank Lever, fitting only, as on both the above, with screwed stem and nuts ...
  - Frog Boards, for use with heart levers, etc., having cork top 6" x 4" and clamp to fit a IT stand. These have steel rods inserted to prevent warping Hook and Weights, for use with the above, and other Brass Hook & Pan with 10 weights (total 110 grammes) Leaden Weights only (10 grammes)
  - Brass Hook and Pan (10 grammes)
  - A similar set but with 1 gramme weights (total 11 grammes) Single Leaden Weights, with long wire hook (10 grammes)
  - Ecu h Per doz
  - C 112 20/- 2 520/ -
  - C 113 35/- 405/-
  - C 114 11/6 132/-
  - C 120 5/6 60/-
  - levers—
  - C 130 per set 4/-
  - C 131 per doz. 2/-
  - C 132 each ... 2/6
  - C 135 per set 2/6
  - C 140 per doz. 3/-
  - C 130/2 C 140
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 41/114
- - LIGHT PULLEYS.
  - (For use in connection with Writing Levers).
  - C 150/2
  - BESIDES the ordinary Pulleys in fixed holders, these are now mounted in swivel holders, allowing the Pulley to be turned to any angle, as shown (C153/5). They are very light, and, running as they do on hard steel spindles, but have little friction.
  - PRICES : Ordinary Mounting Swivel Mounting Diameter of Pullev, %' C 150 1.2/6 ... C 153 14/6
  - „ „ ' E C 151 17/6 ... C 154 19/6
  - H C 152 20/- ... C 155 22/-
  - C 153/5
  - MINIATURE GUIDE PULLEYS.
  - THESE small Guide Pulleys were first made to the order of 0— ;
  - Professor Vincent. They will be found to be very handy when rigging up apparatus to record by means of levers worked by threads.
  - The two Pulleys are approximately in diameter, and the steel arm any position is 4h" long.
  - C 160
  - upon which they slide to
  - PRICE (as illustrated) ... ... C 160 6/6
  - C 170
  - FRONTAL or VERTICAL WRITING POINTS, on the principle
  - described by Professor Lovatt Evans in the Journal of Physiology. These are usually made in the Laboratory, but, for the convenience of our clients, can be supplied separately, or fitted to almost any of our levers, at 2/6 each extra, Cl 70.
  - The “ Fixit ” Lever (C 101), having the end specially shaped, is the most suitable.
  - Milk-white Celluloid, 10/1000" thick, for writing points, C 180, -j- sq. ft.
  - CELLULOID WRITING POINTS, as on our Time-markers (B16) stamped to size, as illustrated (actual size). C 181, 6d. per dozen.
  - For Manometers, see C 31.
  - C 181
  - VERY LIGHT INK PENS.
  - THESE Pens are stamped from sheet brass or copper, and, weighing as they do only one grain, can be used for all experiments except those requiring extremely light or rapidiy moving levers. Each
  - Pen has a clip (as illustrated) that will fit on to an ordinary celluloid writing point.
  - The friction on ordinary glazed paper (as commonly used for smoking) is very slight, not only because of the smooth surface, but owing to the ink forming a lubricant.
  - The Pens are easily filled with a glass dipping rod, and if the experiment is of prolonged duration, about 10% of glycerine should be added to ordinary ink to retard evaporation.
  - To start the Pen, it is sometimes necessary to draw the corner of a piece of paper along the capillary spout after filling with ink.
  - PRICE ... ... ... C190 1/3 each; 12/-per doz.
  - C 190
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 42/114
- - [Reprinted from “Heart” Vol. II. No. /, July, 1910.)
  - A Myocardiograph for the Mammalian Heart.
  - By Arthur R. Cushny.
  - “r I ''HE Myocardiograph, which 1 have used for a number of years to record the movements of the mammalian heart, is a modification of the one devised by Roy and Adami, and, like it, is designed to record the changes in the distance between two points on the heart’s surface, while any other movements do not affect it. For this purpose two points on the surface of the heart are attached to the ends B and L of the apparatus (C 200), and contraction of the fibres between these points causes an approximation of Z to B and a corresponding withdrawal of K from C. A light thread attached to Kand passing over the pulley is thus drawn upon and pulls down the writing lever, which is arranged to record on smoked paper.
  - “ AB is a light magnalium rod suspended from a horizontal bar by means of a gimbal joint at A and pierced at B to admit of the attachment of a fine thread. The point B can move freely in the plane perpendicular to AB, but, as a matter of fact, its movements are very limited when it is attached to the heart. AB passes through a thin tube CD, which fits it accurately and is interrupted in the middle to admit a collar E : this is unattached to CD, but is fixed on a rod at AB by a screw, and thus supports CD at a definite height while permitting it to rotate about three-fourths of its circumference round AB. The upper part of CD bears a small vulcanite pulley over which a thread is run. From the lower half of CD, in the earlier forms of the apparatus, there projected a bar DH, ending in axes on which a light lever LK was pivoted. In the newer form the length of this bar can be
  - altered by sliding it into a sheath. During an experiment its length is fixed by means of a set screw. The bar ends in two axes which carry a short piece of tubing, forming a sheath in which the magnalium rod KL can be moved up and down for adjustment to the heart. After the attachment to the heart is made, this movement is prevented by a set screw, and the rod KL can only move in the axes on which the sheath is pivoted. At Z the rod is pierced for attachment to the heart, and at K for the thread to the writing lever.*
  - “ To adjust the apparatus to the heart a large number of changes may be made, but these are seldom necessary. Thus KL. may be pushed up or down in the sheath, when it is necessary to have Z at a higher or lower level than B. The distance between the fulcrum on which KL is pivoted and AB may be altered by pushing the solid bar into the sheath ; or, by loosening the screw on the collar at E, the whole of the parts supported by the sheath CD may be moved along AB, As a matter of fact, but little adjustment is required for ordinary records, but occasionally, in taking tracings of the movements of the left heart, it may be necessary to alter the positions of the points of attachment, While a record is being taken, all three set screws are screwed home, so that the only movements possible are those around the gimbal joint at A, that around the axis AB, and the movements of the lever LK on its fulcrum at ZZ The first two movements are very slight, however, and the last may be taken to be that recorded for all practical purposes.
  - * I have sometimes substituted for the pulley and vertical string a tambour attached to CD, the string from h pulling on the membrane; the movement is then transmitted to a recording tambour in the usual wav'
- p.n.n. - vue 43/114
- - “ In investigating the effects of electrical stimulation of the heart, it is convenient to use the rods AB and KL as electrodes, and for this purpose one wire is attached to the horizontal rod supporting AB by means of a screw connection not shown in the figure. The other is connected in the same way to the horizontal bar near H. These points are insulated by vulcanite blocks at 11 and /-.
  - “ The writing lever is pulled downward by the contraction of the heart, is restored to its position by a spring or weight. For ordinary work I use a light spring as shown in the figure. It is attached to a short upright on the writing lever at one end and to a collar which can be slid along the bar of the horizontal support. A change in the tension exerted on the lever and on the heart muscle is thus permitted.
  - “ When it is desirable to have the systole recorded by an upright movement, this can be done by interposing a pulley on the course of the thread.
  - “ To record the movements of two chambers of the heart simultaneously, the whole apparatus has to be duplicated, except the supporting standard.
  - “ Unless pulleys are used, it is essential that the thread should be vertical, that is, that the heart should lie directly beneath the writing lever. This can be best arranged by using some form of kymograph adapted for long blackened paper, and swinging it free from the table so that the operating board lies directly beneath the drum, and the long axis of the kymograph stands at right angles to its ordinary position.*
  - “ The myocardiograph is best suited for the dog’s heart, but can also be applied to the cat. In the former, I find that the best anaesthesia is obtained by giving a large dose of morphine hypodermically half an hour before the operation, and following it by paraldehyde given by the stomach tube, 10 to 15 g. Tracheotomy is performed and the skin and subcutaneous tissues divided in the middle line along the sternum, which is then split longitudinally by saw or bone forceps. The two sides of the chest are held apart by strings and weights, and the pericardium is picked up, divided longitudinally, and sewn to the edges of the sternum so as to form a cradle in winch the heart lies. Stitches are then placed in the epicardium of the right ventrical and auricle, care being taken that the needle does not penetrate the wdiole thickness of the wall of the latter. The myocardiograph levers are then attached, the strings are passed over the pulleys, and fixed to the writing levers by beeswax, and the record may be begun. The attachment of the levers occupies only from 5 to 10 minutes, as the apparatus seldom requires much adjustment. The left heart may be recorded instead of the right, but is less readily accessible.
  - “ The apparatus may be applied to record the movements of the uterus and intestine.
  - “ The myocardiograph is made by Mr. C. F. Palmer, 6, Upper Tulse Hill, London, S.W.”
  - (See present address).
  - These remarks refer lo the Brodie-Starling Kymograph. See Section A.
- p.n.n. - vue 44/114
- - Prof. CUSHNY’S MYOCARDIOGRAPH.
  - PRICE
  - per pair C200 £6 6 0
  - (To record the movements of two chambers simultaneously.)
  - The most suitable levers for use with the above are either the “Brodie ” or “Fixit ” levers, Nos. Cl00/1
  - For Stands and X Blocks, see Section D.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 45/114
- - ERGOMETER.
  - For investigating the “Viscous Elastic” Properties of Muscle.
  - See Royal Society Proceedings, B. I Si. 101, IQ2J.
  - C 201
  - TEQS instrument was originally designed by A. Levib and J. Wyman working in Prof. A. V. Hill’s Laboratory and in its present form has been slightly modified in consultation with Prof. Hill. It consists of a rigid lever to the one end of which is fixed an Isometric Recorder which takes the form of a piece of watch spring, the lateral tension of which is controlled by a screw, whilst to its middle is fixed the short arm for attaching to the muscle under examination, and also a light writing lever.
  - The main lever Z, is pivoted about its centre, and in the opposite end from the recorder is a notch engaging with the lever C. This in turn is held in position against the force of a spring by the electro magnet M. Upon breaking the electric circuit the spring bearing against this lever at C, causes it to disengage with the notch, and thus Z, is set in motion.
  - The weight W, is so arranged that it can be made to exert force upon the lever in either direction. This is accomplished by taking a ccrd from the lever directly over the pulley P, or down under the pulley P', and then up over the pulley P, as in the illustration.
  - The extent of the movement of the lever Z, can be controlled by the stop screws S, and S'.
  - Near the fulcrum is a large dashpot (filled with light machine oil) with a regulating valve, allowing the force to be exerted either quickly, or extending over a long period of time.
  - The whole is mounted upon a cast iron base with an adjusting screw S", the opposite end having two lugs which should be screwed down between the rubber washers provided, thus forming a pliable joint, allowing the screw A", to operate.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... ... C 201 £17 10 0
  - NUTT WEIGHT 28 lbs.
  - C. F. PALMER (London). LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 46/114
- - D
  - SECTION
  - D
  - STANDS
  - Clamps Rods Adjustable and other “X” Blocks
- p.n.n. - vue 47/114
- - STANDS.
  - «
  - ! D 1
  - Wick; in'
  - pLAIN STAND, with C.X.
  - base and brass upright,
  - -§" diameter, 12" high.
  - D1 5/. each. 54/- ]>er doz.
  - pLAIN STAND, with quick adjustment and clamping
  - nut.
  - D2 13/- each. 150 -per doz. For “ Three-Claw ” Stand, see H
  - pLAIN STAND, with quick and tangent screw adjustment.
  - D 3 25/- each. 288/- per doz.
  - THE CAM ADJUSTABLE STAND.
  - jpOLLOWING the success of the adjustable upright on the Drum Stand (see A 150b) and that on the large Stand (D12), it has been decided to make an ordinary Stand on this principle.
  - The fine adjustment obtainable, together with the power of moving the writing-point away from the writing surface, makes this Stand a very useful piece of apparatus.
  - PRICE (with standard upright, 12" x |") :
  - D 4 20/- each 228/- per doz.
  - Any of the above Stands can be fitted with longer, or Continental size, uprights to order.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 48/114
- - STANDS.
  - "J"HE BRODIE STAND,
  - LAIN HEAVY STAND, with V upright, 18" high. with interchangeable
  - D 6 10/- each. and f" uprights.
  - Small Countershaft (as shown on this stand) from ^ g ^ ^
  - 15/-, according to size of the pulleys. The spindle is -jj" (see G 135).
  - Brass Upright Rods to clamp on table. These are very handy when extra uprights are required for any of the smaller Kymographs, etc. They are not so liable to be accidentally moved as the ordinary stand with heavy base.
  - PRICE D7 7/6 Higher or other size of Rod fitted if required.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 49/114
- - THE PALMER
  - r I "HIS is a massive piece of apparatus, suitable for research work. The upright slide is of cast iron, similar to a lathe slide, and carries the adjustable platform, which is 3]" wide and projects 2)/ from the face of the slide. In the platform are two eye bolts which hold rods or the stems of instruments of any size up to and including l" diameter. These eye bolts drop down into the thickness of the platform, out of the way, when not in use, and so are not liable to be mislaid. At its lowest position the height of the top of the platform is 5\", and at its highest 20|" ; thus it has 15V' of movement. The screw is of ‘5 cm. pitch and therefore moves the platform 5 mm. for each complete turn of the handle, the collar of which is graduated.
  - Fitted on the platform is a upright (or other size of rod if ordered), carried in an adjustable support similar to B arm on the Drum Stand (see A 150b). This upright is easily and quickly detached from the platform.
  - Price of Stand, with platform, two eye bolts, one L and one straight §" rod
  - and adjustable upright as show in position ... ... ... D 12 £5 5 0
  - Weight: 24 lbs.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 50/114
- - 24
  - “X” BLOCKS or BOSSHEADS.
  - 1ms- 2.
  - All drawn full size.
  - THE STANDARD “X” BLOCK.
  - Fig. 1.
  - These hold either two j? in. rods, or one § in. and one J in., at right angles. Price 2/3 each, 25/- per dozen.
  - THE OPEN-SIDED “X” BLOCK.
  - Fig. 2.
  - Unlike the ordinary cast “ X " block, these are machined from the solid bar, and hold any two rods, within their respective capacity, truly square with each other.
  - Hitherto one disadvantage of this form has been the tedious process of turning the fixing screw the necessary number of turns to allow the rod to enter. The screws now fitted have a small milled head by which they can be twirled in quickly, the final tightening being done by gripping the two transverse pins.
  - Fig. 1.
  - Each.
  - Per
  - doz.
  - Price of Blocks, Nickel Plated, holding any size from l in. to j| in.
  - Do.
  - do. holding
  - any
  - to l
  - size
  - in.
  - from
  - 4/6 48/-
  - 5,6 62/-
  - Fig. 3.
  - Fig. 4.
  - THE ADJUSTABLE “X” BLOCK.
  - Fig. 3.
  - This is a very useful piece of apparatus- It has a standard g in. hole at A (see diagram, Fig. 4) which fits on the upright of an ordinary plain stand, drum stand, kymograph, etc. There are two holes—one each horizontal and vertical—at B, into one of which the stem of a tambour or other writing instrument fits, as Wj, W.>. The adjustment is made by the screw Db which moves the block B, and consequently Wb through a small arc to adjust the writing point to the blackened surface of the recording drum. When the arm I)[ is pulled out to I).:, the block B moves round on C, and the recording instrument assumes the position W2. When the arm is pushed back, the writing instrument accurately returns to its former position Wb
  - Price - - - 15/-
  - December, 1922.
  - Reprinted: April, 1925 ; September, 1927.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), Ltd.
- p.n.n. - vue 51/114
- - THE RACK-WORK “X” BLOCK.
  - Position 1. D 36 Position 2.
  - IX adjusting two or more levers to the same length or height some form of sliding movement is required, to meet which we offer the above. The illustrations are approximately actual size.
  - Referring to D 36 (position 1). The rod Z is the usual upright of the Stand, Kymograph, etc., on Avhich the sleeve A is clamped by the screw D. The block holding the rod V (representing the stem of the instrument being used) can then be moved by means of the milled nut B, in conjunction with the skew rack-work, up or down one inch, thus providing Vertical Movement.
  - When it is desired to bring the writing point, of say a time-marker, exactly under any other writing point, the “ X ” Block must be reversed as shown in position 2, when upon turning the milled knob B a Horizontal Movement will be imparted to the sleeve A, which now carries the instrument. When in position the sleeve A can be locked by means of the screw C.
  - It will be noted from position 1 that the main block has another hole at right angles to the rod Y and parallel to the rod Z, thus further enhancing the capabilities of this useful fitment.
  - PRICE ............................... D 36 each 1.7/6 pc?-doz. 192-
  - If a greater Vertical Movement is required than that given by the above, or if comparatively large and heavy loads have to be carried, we would refer our clients to the “ Large Adjustable Screw Stand ” D 12.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 52/114
- - SUPPORTING RODS.
  - Brass Rods.—English Standard size diameter. Cut to any length, with* the ends rounded and lacquered, at Id. per inch.
  - The stock sizes are :
  - D50 D51 D52 D53
  - Length 3 4U 6' 9"
  - PRICE 3d. 4.1 d. Od. 9d.
  - Special lengths cut.
  - Brass Rods as above, but diameter, at i*d.
  - D 60
  - s’ Brass Rod, -/ long, with boss at end fitting the standard uprights.
  - PRICE ... D60 2/6 each.
  - Special sizes to order.
  - er inch. D54. State length or lengths required.
  - D55.
  - Brass T-Rods, as illustrated.
  - Stem 6 ": Arms, one each 4" and 3" x IT
  - PRICE D59 2/7.
  - Any size or length of Rod made at proportionate price.
  - Each. Per doz.
  - Muscle Grip.—A neat, strong form, machined from solid brass ; holes both ways to fit a rod ... D64 10/6 120/-
  - D 64
  - D 65
  - Each. Per doz.
  - The Hook Grip will be found useful for holding rods and tubes up to IT diameter, such as thermometers, etc............................D65 5/6 60/-
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 53/114
- - BALL-JOINTED ARM and CLAMPS.
  - THIS is not put forward as anything new, but hitherto there has been difficulty in turning a perfect sphere. To overcome this difficulty, such expedients as packing the cups, or ball-holders, with cork or other yielding material, has been resorted to ; still, such ball joints are unsatisfactory. being usually tight in one position and loose in another.
  - We have now made a special device for turning the balls for the joints as illustrated, and can guarantee the balls to be of such a degree of accuracy that n<3 appreciable difference in the stiffness or sustaining power of the joint can be found in any position. Moreover, all the balls, as well as those on the various clamps, etc., are made to the same guage, viz., 0‘72" ; thus they are interchangeable, and various combinations can be built up either on a single two-ball joint, or by using one or more of the double ball rods, D 84/5. For this purpose we give prices of the various parts. The length can be increased indefinitely : this, however, is not advisable, as the leverage would become more than the first ball-joint would stand, even if tightened up to an excessive degree. We may mention here that the large clamp D 87 on a single joint will, when horizontal, sustain a weight of approximately 2b lbs.
  - The large clamp D 87 will hold rods or tubes from j" to l.1," in diameter. The jaws are cork-lined and are actuated by a double (R and L) screw.
  - The small clamp D 89 will hold rods from J," to b". It is not cork-lined, but will be found useful to hold small cannula?, etc., as will also the swivel clamp D 88, which holds rods up to -§" ; and, in addition, such rods or tubes can be swivelled round to any angle.
  - Standard Outfit consists of—
  - One 9" x ij" single ball rod, D 82.
  - One 2" x •j" double ,, ,, D 85.
  - Two pairs of clamp plates, complete with spring washer and fly-nut, D 86.
  - One large clamp. D 87.
  - PRICE OF THE SET ... ... ... D 80 £13 6
  - Parts.
  - Single Ball Rods, 12" x D 81 ft. 2 d. 3
  - 55 55 55 9" x D 82 2 0
  - 55 5 5 .V 4" x f D 83 1 8
  - Double ,, ,, 4" x D 84 3 0
  - 55 55 55 2" x f D 85 2 10
  - Clamp Plates, complete ... D 86 3 6
  - Large Clamp D 87 12 6
  - Small Swivel Clamp D 88 7 0
  - ,, Clamp D 89 9 0
  - Other accessories for these adjustable arms will be made from time to time. They will have the standard 0‘72" ball.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 54/114
- - SECTION
  - RESPIRATION
  - Pumps Operating Tables
  - Animal Holders
- p.n.n. - vue 55/114
- - THE LATE PROF. BRODIE’S
  - RESPIRATION PUMP.
  - El
  - miitii mi: in h i n j i m i m i 11111 m i m 1111111111 m m u (i i h ii m m 11 m n 11111 n i m i n 11 m i m i m in m n i m 11 < 11 u 11 iil*
  - This Pump has nerd’ been largely superseded by such as the “Ideal," but is still retained in our catalogue as some prefer a simple pump of large capacity.
  - 11H 11M111111H11111M1111111111 111 IMIII 1111111II11111 M I M III H H 11111HII M11F M M111 111' 11111H11111IIMI 11 It 11111111111:
  - r’J~'HE Pump consists of a piston working in a barrel 76 mm. in diameter and 280 mm. in length.
  - By a simple adjustment of the crank, the throw of the piston may be quickly altered to deliver any quantity up to one litre of air per thrust. The Pump is driven through a friction clutch by a 12" three-speed cone pulley. The valves are placed at the bottom of the cylinder and of the piston respectively. They are of simple construction, and are easily reached. The upper end of the cylinder is closed and fitted with an intake tube, so that any mixture of gases may be used. The pump is mounted on a polished board, and is intended to be fixed in a vertical position on the wall of the experimental room.
  - PRICE ................................. El £20 0 0
  - For means of driving, see Section G.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 56/114
- - SMALL OSCILLATING RESPIRATION PUMP.
  - TT has been pointed out that the Brodie ” Respiration Pump, although eminently suitable for large animals, is somewhat cumbersome for small ones, such as rats, guinea pigs, etc., up to a small cat. The above OSCILLATING PUMP has therefore been designed, having an adjustable stroke giving displacements of from 7 cc. to 110 ec.
  - This Pump is intended to be fixed to the wall in a similar manner to the “ Brodie ” Pump, but, being small, it can be clamped directly on the operating table, or in other convenient position. It may be noted here that it works equally well either horizontally or vertically, there being no valves, etc., to be deranged, the movement of the cylinder automatically opening and closing the ports.
  - The leading dimensions are :
  - Bore of cylinder ... ... ... ... ... l1l(l
  - Length of stroke adjustable up to ... ... 2;"
  - Largest diameter of four-speed cone pulley ... 6"
  - Overall dimensions of Pump ... ... ... 14i" x 71/
  - Weight ... ... ... ... ... ... 111 lbs.
  - 43 mm.
  - 73 mm.
  - 152 mm.
  - 370 x 190 mm. 5 kilos.
  - PRICE .............. E2 £6 10 0
  - We have no hesitation in recommending this Pump for simple experiments.
  - For dosed tircuit work, see particulars of the “Ideal ” Pump E 10,12 and the Schiister Respirometer EiJ.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 57/114
- - RESPIRATION BELLOWS AND TABLE.
  - £ 3
  - PRICE
  - ALTHOUGH the Brodie Pump and other means of artificial respiration have superseded the bellows here illustrated, they are still preferred by some, and are quite useful.
  - It will be noticed that the throw of the crank, and therefore the amount of air delivered per thrust, is adjustable. The 10" bellows are of good quality, and are mounted on a hard wood base, with grooved wheel 10" diameter.
  - E3 £4 0 0
  - AVERY convenient independent unit is here illustrated. It is fitted with bellows, made in our own works from superior leather to that generally used for this purpose.
  - The motor is of ^ h.p., and it will be noted that a 6" four-speed cone pulley is provided on the worm gear shaft, converting the table into a small power table. This pulley has four speeds, 1|" to 6" diameter, and revolves at the same rate as the bellows, as set out below.
  - The table is 31" high, with a top 28" x 18", and is mounted on strong roller-bearing castors, so that it is easily moved.
  - The bellows work at approximately the following speeds per minute : 14, 22, 30, 38 and 48. Should it, however, be desired to obtain intermediate speeds, a regulating rheostat, as G 154, can be fitted.
  - PRICE
  - Or if fitted with regulating rheostat, E6, £2 5 0 extra.
  - See also G 165 atid G 170.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 58/114
- - THE “IDEAL” RESPIRATION PUMP.
  - [Patent No. 268416/27.]
  - [See proceedings, Physiol. Soc.,Jan. 23rd, 1926—Journal Physiol., Vol. LX I. ]
  - THE suggestion for the above Pump is entirely due to the late Professor Starling. Instead of using a double cylinder pump, which has the disadvantage that it is extremely difficult to balance exactly the two cylinders, a mechanically operated valve was added to a single cylinder pump, so that the lungs are first inflated in the usual way, then this extra valve opens, and are then allowed to deflate by their own elasticity.
  - The Pump is of sound mechanical construction, all parts being of metal, no leather or similar substance being used, which is an advantage if the Pump is used in a high temperature. The driving cone has three speeds of 6", 9" and 12" diameter respectively, and is balanced. The power required to drive this pump is small (about 1/12 h.p.) The stroke is adjustable and graduated in c.c. up to 260 c.c. The connecting tubes are V inside diameter.
  - Referring to the diagram, VI and V2 are two rotary valves on the same axis, and therefore synchronising with each other.
  - The cycle of operation is as follows : On the downward stroke of the piston P air is admitted to the cylinder C via A1 and VI.
  - When the piston P reaches the bottom of its stroke, the valve VI has turned sufficiently to cut off C from Al, and immediately connects it to the tube LI. Upon the upward stroke of the piston, air is forced from C back through VI to the lungs via LI and L2, thus inflating the lungs. During the downward stroke of the piston, the additional valve V2 opens, and the lungs become deflated by their own elasticity via L2, L3, V2 and A2.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... E10 £17 10 0
  - Weight of Pump : about 38 lbs.
  - In addition to the above we are now making a pump of larger capacity to deliver up to 500 c.c. PRICE ... ... ... ... ... £12 £22 0 0
  - Weight about 45 lbs.
  - See also Giyo/jr.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 59/114
- - THE
  - SCHUSTER CIRCULATING RESPIROMETER.
  - (See the Proceedings of the Royal Society—B., Vo/. 100, 1926.)
  - E 15
  - THE important experiments on oxidation and storage of glucose under the action of insulin, conducted by Drs. C. H. Best, H. H. Dale (Sec. R.S.), J. P. Hoet and H. P. Marks, were made possible by the use of an accurately made Respirometer, designed and constructed by Dr. Schuster himself. The above represents the standard model as made by ourselves under instructions from Dr. Schuster. Acting on his advice, this pump was made larger than the original, so as to be available for larger animals.
  - Dr. Dale very kindly had one of these pumps at the Medical Research Council’s Laboratories at Hampstead, where he thoroughly tested it. The following is taken from a letter he wrote to us under date 28th July, 1927 :—
- p.n.n. - vue 60/114
- - “ The apparatus has worked thoroughly well in several complete experiments in which we have used it. We have also tested its accuracy by fitting it up as for an experiment, using a football bladder to represent the lungs of the animal, and then withdrawing gradually a measured volume of air by means of an aspirator discharging water into a standard flask. To this test it also responds very well, the number of strokes of the accessory pump, corresponding to successive volumes of 500 c.c. each, being as uniform as the experimental conditions allow one reasonably to expect.”
  - The instrument consists of two diaphragm pumps working together off a common eccentric, and having mechanically operated and synchronised valves. The movement of the diaphragms, and consequently the amount of displacement of the pumps, is adjustable and under control while working, up to a maximum capacity of 190 c.c.
  - The outlet tube of one of these twin diaphragm pumps is connected to one limb of the Y cannula, tied air-tight into the trachea of the spinal preparation. The other limb of the Y is connected to the inlet of the other pump, the outlet of which is connected through a soda-lime tower to the gasometer. The other tube from the gasometer is connected to the inlet tube of the first pump, so that the working of the pump produces a regular circulation of air through the system, the gasometer rising and falling rhythmically with the artificial respiration, but losing volume corresponding to the absorption of oxygen.
  - The accessory oxygen pump is brought into operation by the gasometer falling below a certain fixed level, and thereby releasing a trigger, bringing into play a clutch and producing one or more strokes of the accessory pump. The stroke of this pump is also adjustable up to a maximum of 10 c.c., and each stroke is registered on a mechanical counter capable of being set to zero at the beginning of an experiment. The inlet tube is connected to a supply of pure oxygen at atmospheric pressure, so that the composition and volume of air in the sj^stem are maintained constant, while the counter records the oxygen used to the accuracy of one stroke of the small pump.
  - The whole apparatus, although somewhat complicated, works well when properly set up. We guarantee every pump sent out to have been tested against the one actually used by Dr. Dale, and to be equal to it in every wav.
  - To give an idea of the size, it may here be mentioned that the base (see illustration) is 20" x 13" (exclusive of handles), while the overall height is 22"; the rubber diaphragms are each 4-jj" diameter.
  - Weight : 80 lbs.
  - PRICE......... ............ El 5 £80 0 0
  - See a/so G /6j,
  - An extra set of rubber diaphragms is sent out with each pump. They can be fitted by the mechanic, and others cut from rubber sheet (if of good quality), or obtained from us at 7/6 the set; •S/6 postage free. El6.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 61/114
- - THE LATE PROF. BRODIE’S
  - OPERATING TABLE
  - E 20
  - nnHLS TABLE, designed by the late Prof. Brodie, has a top 51" (129-5 cm.) x 18" (46 cm.) x 40" (101 ‘5 cm.) high. It is fitted all round with cleats, into which the holding down cords can be easily and quickly fixed. Near the centre, and flush with the top, is a copper hot-plate, 24' (61 cm.) x 12" (30’5 cm.), heated by means of two electric lamps, each having its own independent switch. There is also a removable piece at the head end of the Table, giving an opening 11" (28 cm.) x 9" (23 cm.). Two upright rods, sliding in slots, are provided, and will be found useful for many purposes. Prof. Brodie’s well-known anaesthetic bottle and air warmer is fitted to these tables, a bent tube projecting through the top to supply the air to the animal. The Table is fitted complete with animal holder, four controlling switches, lamps, 12 ft. flexible wire, and wall plug ; also wheels and handles for convenience in moving.
  - Please state voltage of supply when ordering, and if Bayonet Catch or Edison Screw Lamp Holders are required.
  - PRICE ... ... ... .. ...... E20 £22 0 ()
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 62/114
- - THE LATE PROF. BRODIE’S
  - AN/ESTHETIC BOTTLE AND AIR WARMER.
  - AS FITTED ON THE “ BRODIE ” OPERATING TABLE.
  - For use in connection with a Respiration Pump.
  - TAHFLRE1NG to the above illustration, it will be seen that the bottle is similar to an ordinary AV specimen bottle with ground top, which is held up against a flat plate by a movable bridge piece and screw, it being only necessary to loosen the screw a few turns, when the bottle can be removed for filling or cleaning. On the top of the plate is the regulating cock, which regulates the amount of air (and consequently the strength of the anaesthetic) which passes through the bottle. 8hould the anaesthetic become used up during an experiment, it is only necessary to push the handle over till the pointer is at O of the graduated scale, when the bottle is entirely shut off, and can be removed for re-filling, all the air passing direct to the heater, which consists of a brass tube, with movable ends screwed on, large enough to hold two ordinary electric lamps, there being two holders of the standard bayonet type provided (or Edison Screw Lamp Holders, if so ordered) ; also two switches. It is advisable to have the lamps of different candle powers, say, an 8 and a lb, then either or both can be used, according to the amount of air and degree of heat required. Depending from the plate into the bottle is a tube which causes air to “ blow ” on to the surface of the anaesthetic, and as the latter becomes used up, means are provided for lengthening this tube from outside the bottle. Mounted complete with 12 ft. flexible wire, two carbon lamps, and plug adapter ready to be connected to the lighting mains.
  - Plca.se state voltage of supply when ordering, and if Bayonet Catch or Edison Screw Lamp Holders are required.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... ... ... E21 £8 8 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 63/114
- - ANIMAL HOLDERS <X ADJUSTABLE JOINTS
  - For DOGS (as supplied with the Brodie Operating Table)
  - For OATS (after the C/FRMAK model) .......
  - Simple “ U ’’ anil Ring pattern for small Animals.
  - E 22 £4 5 0 E 23 £3 15 0
  - Made in three sizes—
  - H" ... E 24 £\ 15 0 2" ... E 25 £\ 17 6 2A" ...
  - The size denotes the internal diameter of the ring in inches. All the above are heavily Nickel Plated and polished, and supplied complete with
  - E 26 £2 0 0
  - upright as illustrated.
  - QUADRANT JOINT.
  - As fitted to E22.
  - ' I MIPS Pi are made for Animal Holders, and such-like that require to he held securely. They are made to take A' rods on both sides, and are adjustable through an angle of about 65 .
  - Price each, Nickel Plated ... ... ... ••• E 35 A1 7 6
  - Other sizes to order.
  - SEMI-UNIVERSAL JOINT.
  - As fitted to E25 26.
  - I1ESE are made for Cat and other small Animal Holders. On the one side is a hole to fit a A” upright, with an independent tightening screw. On the other side is a cup-like piece, as on the universal joints, taking either 3" or i” rod, which can he rotated through an angle of 360°.
  - Price, Nickel Plated ............ ......... E 36 6/-
  - THE UNIVERSAL JOINTS.
  - HESE are two cup-like pieces, with two grooves in each, and having a flat washer between them. There is a screw and fly nut for holding them together, with a spring washer under the fly nut. Any two rods, within their capacity, can he held and rotated through an angle of 560°.
  - Made in three sizes—
  - Price—Lacquered or Nickel Plated.
  - To hold rods, on the one side, either g" or A" ; on the other side, either A" or 3" E 40 6/~
  - Do. do. X" or do. r or r E 41 51-
  - Do. do. T nr -3-" or 10 do. T or E 42 4/-
  - Small size, holding tV' rods on both sides ... .. .. E 43 3/6
  - Other sizes to order.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD
- p.n.n. - vue 64/114
- - CANNUL/E.
  - THE following are given as representative forms but many more have and can be made. We are always willing to make special patterns of tracheal, perfusion, gastric and other cannulee in silver, nickel silver, or vulcanite.
  - “ Y ” Tracheal Cannula for use in connection with the Schuster Respirometer, “ The Ideal ” and such like closed circuit pumps.
  - These are made of metal with interchangeable nozzles all fitting the same “ Y ” piece.
  - PRICE of “ Y ” piece with one nozzle, 6 mm. diameter, for cats
  - Ditto ditto 8 mm. diameter
  - Ditto ditto 11 mm. diameter, for dogs
  - Ditto ditto 14 mm. diameter
  - Extra nozzles, 6 mm.
  - ,, ,, 8 mm.
  - ,, ,, 11 mm.
  - ,, ,, 14 mm. Special sizes made to order.
  - E 50
  - £ s. d.
  - E 50 10 6
  - E 51 10 6
  - E 52 11 0
  - E 53 11 0
  - E 54 4 0
  - E 55 4 0
  - E 56 4 6
  - E 57 4 6
  - E 60
  - Perfusion Cannula, after Morawitz and Zahn (see Zentralb of Phys., made in nickel silver
  - 1912-26, 465)
  - E 60
  - 12 6
  - E 65
  - Nickel Silver Perfusion Cannula, as designed by Dr. Rossler, (see proceedings
  - Physiological Society, May, 1928 ... ... ... ... ... E 65 4 0
  - E 70
  - Nickel Silver Tracheal Cannula, straight form, with adjustable vent slit
  - 2 mm. diameter
  - 3 ,, ,,
  - 4
  - ^33 33
  - 6 „
  - 8 „
  - 11 „
  - 14 „
  - 4
  - 6
  - 8
  - 11
  - 14
  - mm. diameter
  - E 70 7 0
  - E 71 6 6
  - E 72 6 6
  - E 73 6 6
  - E 74 6 9
  - E 75 7 0
  - E 76 7 6
  - ig prices : :—
  - E 82 16 3
  - E 83 16 3
  - E 84 17 0
  - E 85 17 6
  - E 86 18 9
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 65/114
- - F
  - SECTION
  - F
  - Circulation <Sf
  - PERFUSION
  - Pumps
  - Baths for Isolated Organs
- p.n.n. - vue 66/114
- - Prof. DIXON’S PERFUSION APPARATUS.
  - The following is from the Proceedings of the Physiological Society, Afar 20th, 1922.
  - Journal Physiolooy, Vol. LVI.
  - I 'HIS Perfusion Apparatus consists of two pieces. One is an oven, shown in Fig. 1, sufficiently -* large to hold all the working parts of the apparatus, the perfusing fluid and the organ perfused-It has the following internal dimensions : 25" high, 17" wide and 12" deep. It is provided with a 3 water jacket, with an opening for filling and a tap for emptying. There is a hole at the top for a thermostat, when this is required for very long experiments ; though, in practice, I have found that with the very large water jacket and the complete felt covering provided, the temperature varies only very slightly within an hour or two, and by placing a small Bunsen beneath the oven, it is easy to keep a constant temperature. Two narrow movable shelves, with suitable holes through them, trisect
  - the oven (Fig. 2) : on the upper part is the flask A containing the perfusing fluid—this is provided with a rubber cork through which three holes pass, the first receiving the tube transmitting the venous return flow from the perfused organ : the second tube passes from without to the bottom of the flask, and is connected to the oxygen cylinder. The third opening is to allow excess of oxygen to escape, the pressure of oxygen being regulated by a mercury valve. The flask tapers off below to a tube which is connected to the artery of the organ. The perfused organ is placed in a suitable retainer, such as Buchner funnel B, and the fluid allowed to escape from the cut veins directly into the flask C; or, if preferred—that is when exact rate of perfusion from minute to minute is required rather than metabolic changes—a cannula may be inserted into the vein, and connected through a rubber cork to the receiving flask C. The circuit is completed by means of Brodie’s valves, worked by a pump. Samples of fluid may be drawn off from the tap D as required. By connecting the retainer C to a volume recorder, the volume of the air space of C may be determined, i.e. the difference between the rate of filling and emptying. The object of the pump is to provide a very simple and rapid method of equalising these two.
- p.n.n. - vue 67/114
- - The perfusion pump consists of any ordinary hypodermic syringe, specially mounted, to be worked mechanically from the laboratory shafting. The main feature of the pump is a variable stroke, which can be very easily adjusted while it is working, and the fact that the piston on all strokes conies to the bottom (outlet) end of the barrel, and therefore the internal capacity remains constant.
  - In Fig. 3, A is the driving pulley, having four V grooves for round band. B is a disc crank which moves the arm CD through a fixed arc on a pivot at C. On CD is a radial graduated slot having its centre at the joint E, when the arm is at its lowest position. Along this slot, and moved by a screw
  - having a milled head, shown near C, is a block which gives motion to the piston rod. Now, it is obvious that when the arm CD is at its lowest position, the block can be moved along the slot without moving the piston of the pump ; it follows that the further from the end C the block is moved, the greater is the movement imparted to the piston on the upward stroke of CD.
  - The thrust of the pump can be read on the arc, and if the internal diameter of the syringe is known, the amount of fluid withdrawn from the receiving chamber C can be computed. In practice, it is convenient to place a IJ-tube containing mercury between the pump and valves to prevent escape of fluid to the pump. The ingenuity of the pump is due to the maker.”
  - Price of Pump, as described ... ... ... F 1
  - Suitable Metal Syringe, for use with the above ... .. F 2
  - Copper Hot Chamber or Oven, complete with heavy felt cover F 3 Glass Valves ... ... ... ... per pair F 4
  - £ s.
  - 10 10 0 17 21 0 0 6
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 68/114
- - A NEW OXYGENATOR.
  - THE above represents the latest form of artificial lung adopted by Messrs. Bayliss, Fee & Ogden. For details of former model see “ Journal of Physiology.” Vol. LXYI.
  - Further work, however, with this instrument revealed the fact that aluminium was not altogether satisfactory for the plates, therefore we now use bakelite mouldings. Furthermore, the metal end plates are lined with vulcanite to prevent the blood coming into contact with them.
  - Referring once again to the above illustration, which shows the instrument partly in section. It consists of a series of inverted truncated cones, B to 3"", mounted upon an axle and capable of being rotated by the aluminium four-speed cone pulley shown. These movable cones are intercalated between a series of stationary plates, A to A fitting one another accurately at their periphery, the joint being made air-tight by means of the rubber washers C to C". As will be seen, the whole is held together by side rods and fly nuts, so is easily dismantled for cleaning. It fits the large stands D 6 by the lugs and clamping screws H and J provided.
  - When re-assembling it is advisable to put the plate E on the stand first in a reversed direction and build up to the plate D, clamp together and reverse the whole to its normal position. It is, of course, of the utmost importance that the plates are thoroughly clean, especially from grease.
  - Venous blood enters at the inlet tube 7% and falling on to the plate B, is thrown in a film to the periphery, where it collects on the upright wall of the stationary plate A, flows down the inclined surface and passing through the central orifice to the plate B', when the process is repeated until the blood finally reaches and leaves by the large tube situated behind tube G. There is a second tube at the top (hidden in the illustration) by which the air enters, and after flowing through the space between the plates, leaves by the tube shown at G.
  - A speed of from 150 to 200 revolutions per minute has been found to be satisfactory.
  - The leading dimensions of the instrument are :—
  - Diameter of the plates A to A"". 6".
  - Thickness of each plate A to A"". Approximately 1”.
  - Diameter of plates B to B"". 5".
  - Weight of the complete assembly, as illustrated. 12 lbs.
  - PRICE ... F 5 £6 5 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 69/114
- - THE SCHUSTER PERFUSION PUMP.
  - [Ay article by H. H. Dale and E. H. J. Schuster on “A Double Perfusion Pump." Journal of Physiology, Vol. LXIF., No. 4, Feb. 10th, 1928.']
  - F 10
  - Overall dimensions : 12" x 8" x 8" Weight: 13 lbs.
  - THIS Pump having been described in the above article by Drs. Dale and Schuster, it will only be necessary for us to give a few particulars, referring our clients to the article in the Journal for full details.
  - The most interesting point in this pump is that the blood only comes in contact with glass and rubber, and never with metal, as in some pumps that have been tried for blood perfusion. This is accomplished as follows : Fixed to the nozzle of the pump, which is of the “ diaphragm ” type, is a special rubber bag similar to a finger stall, but with a tubular extension. Surrounding this is a closed glass vessel with inlet and outlet valves, through which the blood is pumped in the following manner. The rubber bag and the space above the diaphragm of the pump are filled with water by means of the tubular extension on the bag, which is then closed. The action of the pump is to cause the rubber bag to be alternately extended or contracted, thus altering the internal capacity of the glass vessel, which in turn causes the blood to be drawn in through one valve and expelled through the other. The quantity thus pumped can be accurately regulated by adjusting the fulcrum of the pump while working, a scale being fitted for reference, indicating the traverse of the centre of diaphragm.
- p.n.n. - vue 70/114
- - F 17
  - Overall dimensions : 24" x 24" x 111".
  - Weight-. 175 lbs.
  - Two or more of these Pumps can be mounted on a teak baseboard, and connected with a> special semi-flexible coupling (easily disconnected) at the price of the Pumps, without extra charge, if ordered at the same time.
  - / *. d.
  - PRICE of Single Pump ,, Double ,,
  - ,, Triple ,,
  - ... F 10 10 0 0
  - ... F 11 20 0 0
  - ... F 12 30 0 0
  - This Pump can be supplied with copper tank fitted with electric heater and packing glands, either
  - as’a single, double or triple unit. £ 14 s. d.
  - PRICE of Single Pump, fitted with copper tank, electric heater and packing gland; s F 15 0 0
  - ,, Double ,, ,, ,. ,, Triple ,, ,, ,, (as illustrated, . F 16 27 0 0
  - or with one large tank) . F 17 41 0 0
  - Glass parts, rubber valves and special rubber finger stalls are su pplied.
  - PRICE per set F 20 0 15 0
  - Special Rubber Finger Stalls only, each F 21 0 2 6
  - ,, ,, Valves ,, each F 22 0 0 3
  - ,, ,, Diaphragms ,, F 23 0 0 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 71/114
- - HIGH SPEED ROTARY PUMP.
  - F 32
  - Tl I K above, taken from a photograph, represents a pump w orking upon the same principle as the original used hv Messrs. Bayliss and Muller, viz., a rubber tube or tubes, compressed by a series of rollers which pass along from one end to the other driving the contents before Ibem (see Journal of Scientific Instruments, Yol. V., No. 9, Sept. 1928). The above pump differs in mechanical detail and instead of wan king direct off the motor spindle, it wrill be seen that it has a pulley and can therefore be driven from any available source of power or mounted, as the photograph shows, as a complete unit with motor to wdiich it is connected by a band and a pair of three-speed pulleys.
  - In practice it has been found that two small tubes last much longer, and are generally much more satisfactory than a single tube of double the size. The tubes are very easily renewed as follows : Two pieces about 6" long are joined at their ends by Y glass tubes. The top pressure plate is then slightly raised and the tubes slipped in, one on either side of the adjusting screws, A and B, care being taken to see that they are in the slots provided.
  - This pump can be run at high speeds w hen liquids are being pumped. A slower speed is advisable when pumping gases owing to the generation of heat. It can also be used as a vacuum pump, the vacuum being maintained when the pump is stopped.
  - As it is impracticable to give the quantity of gas pumped, the following table show's the approximate quantity of w'ater delivered at varying speeds and against zero pressure, which within reasonable limits however does not greatly affect the output.
  - Revolutions per minute 750 960 1280
  - Litres per minute TO To 2-0
  - This pump has been run to deliver three litres per minute, but at this speed it becomes somewhat noisy, and asw'ould be expected, I he wear on the rubber is excessive. For this reason it is better to keep the speed low, consistent with the required output, using tw'o or more pumps if necessary.
  - The above output table is a fair average, but it should be pointed out here that the pressure plate requires careful adjustment by means of the nuts, A and B. It is worthy of note that if the nut on the output side be screwed down a little tighter than the one on the intake side, the output is greater than if the reverse be the case. Obviously the pressure should be such as just to, close the tube ; more than this will only cause useless friction and wear on the tube.
  - The whole pump is mounted in an oil bath, wdiich has been found to be better than glycerine, the oil during an experiment having a neglible effect upon the rubber.
  - During tests, the same pair of rubber tubes have been in use for a week running intermittently, and several tubes run continuously at approximately 1,000 R.B. M., have stood for 15 hours, or more.
  - In the photograph the cover has been raised above the pump to show the rotor, which is no a rotor specially designed for the purpose.
  - Pump fitted with Three-Speed Pulley
  - ,, complete with H.P. Motor as illustrated If fitted with regulating resistance ... ... ... extra
  - Three-Speed Cone Pulley to match the driving Cone of Pump, bored as required up to to fit own motor ... extra Special Quality Rubber Tube ... ... ... per foot
  - ,, Glass “ Y ” Pieces ... ... ... ... ... each
  - ollei r-bearin g as in the original, but
  - £> S. d.
  - F 31 5 10 0
  - F 32 10 15 0
  - F 33 2 5 0
  - F 34 0 10 6
  - F 35 0 0 3
  - F 36 0 1 3
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 72/114
- - APPARATUS FOR ISOLATED UTERUS, INTESTINE, Etc.
  - See Medical Research Council's Report on “ Stajidardization of Pituitary Extracts,” by J. H. Burn, M.A., M.B., and H. H. Dale, C.b.e, m.d., f.r.S. Published by H.M. Stationery Office. Special Report Series, No. 6g. IQ22. Price rj6 nett.]
  - F 45
  - BY permission of Dr. Dale we reproduce below a reduced copy of the original sectional drawing of his apparatus. The above is from a photograph of the apparatus as now made by us, and which, although similar in the main shows some alterations in detail. For instance, for the lever N we use one of our “ Fixit ” levers, whilst the oxygen tube dipping into B is held in one of our “ Hook Grips.” The lamp-holder slides on a rod fixed to the tank, and the whole is mounted on a platform to obviate the necessity of cutting holes in the table.
  - M L
  - For technical details see the published
  - PRICE.
  - Complete with inner glass vessel B, heating lamp for any standard voltage, but without oxygen tube or draw - off
  - cock ... ... F 45 £5 5 0
  - Spare oxygen tube with platinum wire hook fused in, each ... ... F 46 5 0
  - Spare inner glass vessels F 47 2 6
  - report mentioned above.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 73/114
- - LARGE BATH.
  - For Isolated Organs, (Sic.
  - F 55
  - ^j^'HE above apparatus is similar to that described on the preceding leaflet, but consists of a larger and rectangular copper bath 12" x 9" x 8" deep. Around the top is a broad stiff band, on which the upright and depending rods are clamped. At diagonally opposite corners are the heating lamps, each having its own independent switch, and, as in the foregoing, the lamps can be slid in or out to regulate the heat. There is a drain-cock, and detachable iron stand 3" high.
  - PRICE :
  - Bath, complete, on iron stand, with two upright and two depending rods §" diameter, double glass vessel holder, two sliding key switch lamp holders, and two special tubular lamps ... ... ... ... ... F 55 £7 0 0
  - (Please slate voltage when ordering.)
  - Extra uprights to clamp on tank F 56 each 6/-
  - Extra $" depending rods to clamp on tank F 57 ,, 7/6
  - For suitable Recording Levers, etc., see Section C.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 74/114
- - SECTION
  - MECHANICAL
  - Electric Motors
  - Shafting, Pulleys, Brackets, Standards
  - and other
  - Speed Varying Gears
- p.n.n. - vue 75/114
- - SHAFTING AND FITTINGS.
  - NOTE. — The 7'eferentes (Tig, /, etc.) refer to the illustrations, while the numbers (G /, etc.) ?efer to the numbers in the price list, and these latter should be quoted when ordering.
  - r 1 ''HE question of driving gear does not always receive sufficient attention. The majority of apparatus in a Physiological Laboratory requires to be driven at a slow speed ; and the most convenient, and now almost universal source of small power, is the electric motor, which, to be efficient, must run at a high speed. It is therefore necessary to reduce this speed. The following particulars of shafting and fittings show how this may be accomplished in a convenient and flexible manner.
  - Mr. Palmer, having had many years’ experience, will at all times be pleased to advise clients, as no hard and fast rule can be laid down.
  - iron standard 8" high. The bent one D is down and overhang the edge of the bench.
  - For driving Students’ Drums, the usual way is to have a line of shafting down the back or centre of bench, according to whether the students work at one or both sides. In the latter case, the same length of shafting, with double the number of pulleys, will, of course, drive twice the number of drums. Such shafting is conveniently carried on standards, as that illustrated in Fig. 1 A, placed 48" to 54" apart; 24" is recommended as
  - the best height. Sometimes, however, it is desirable that the shafting should reach over a number of separate tables, with space for walking between. In this case, the standards must be sufficiently high to allow head room.
  - These high standards, however, are not recommended, since they not only need stay bars, but are also very inconvenient, as the average student is unable to reach the pulley to put on the drum driving band.
  - The standards described can be made of any height. Those illustrated in Fig 1 are A 24" and and B 12"., while C, the small one, is a solid cast il when it is desired that the shaft should be low
  - In the Experimental Laboratory, a convenient form of drive is a shaft extending right across the room, hung from the ceiling on “ J ” hangers, as Fig. 2. If the ceiling is too high, a beam may be put across the room, the under side of the beam being from 8' to 9' above the floor. The “ J” hanger, illustrated in Fig. 3, is suitable for this, and like the standards, should be placed 4' to 4' 6" apart. The hanger shown in Fig. 4 is useful to fix on the side of a
- p.n.n. - vue 76/114
- - or above or below a beam.
  - beam, when, as often happens, pipes, etc., have already been placed on the under side.
  - To drive the Brodie-Starling Kymograph, the most convenient arrangement is a swing arm, having a weight at one end and a pair of guide pulleys at the other, over which the driving band from the main shaft runs : this automatically takes up the slack in the band when the Kymograph is raised. See illustration, Fig. 5. The supporting rod can be fixed to the ceiling,
  - In places where the ceiling is very low, a swing arm can be supplied with
  - a spring in place of the weight, which would be dangerous should the band break.
  - Fig. 6
  - The Brodie Respiration Pump usually requires a pair of guide pulleys, see Fig. 8A', fixed to the wall above it to direct the band, unless the main shaft is carried on brackets, Fig. 10, along the wall, which is often the more convenient way; in this case the pump can be fixed underneath, and a direct drive taken to it.
  - Fig. 7
  - In the foregoing, nothing has been said about the driving power. In the majority of cases, a j h.p. Geared Motor (see G 153) will be found the most convenient. It is easily installed, and can be connected directly to the main shaft by a pair of cones, as A and B, Fig. 11. Besides the regulation on the D.C. Motor, this gives three speeds on the main shaft, which are usually sufficient. Such an arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 6. On the other hand, the motor can be fitted with a three-speed cone, driving a large wheel running on a countershaft, supported by a pair of brackets, as Fig. 10A,
- p.n.n. - vue 77/114
- - Fig. 8
  - which can, in turn, be connected to the main shaft by a pair of cones, one 8" and one 12" (Fig. 11, A and B). similar to the worm-geared motor. In this arrangement a greater variety of speeds can be obtained, and it is therefore preferred by some to the worm and wheel drive fitted on the motor itself. In place of a countershaft, and where a wall running at right angles to the main shaft is available, the large wheel and cone can be run on a spigot instead of a countershaft. Fig. 7 will make this clear. It will be seen that there is a “ Jockey ” pulley running on the slack side of the belt, which takes up the slack when the belt is put on to a smaller speed on the motor pulley.
  - Fig. 11 G 50 to 57
  - SPLIT PULLEYS.
  - IT often happens that an extra Cone Pulley is required in a certain position. To obviate taking a section of shafting down to slip on a solid Pulley, and thereby stopping experiments for the time being, we now supply 4and 0" Cone Pulleys in halves, which are easily screwed together on the shaft. Fig. 12.
  - A few of these should be in every laboratory, as they can, in a few minutes, be easily taken off the shaft and refixed in a new position.
  - Each Laboratory wants special consideration, which we shall be pleased to give upon receiving a rough plan of the room, showing windows, doors, and such fixtures as sinks, cupboards, shelves, etc., together with the height and nature of the ceiling.
- p.n.n. - vue 78/114
- - INSTRUCTIONS FOR ERECTING LABORATORY SHAFTING.
  - THE problem of how to drive laboratory apparatus may be considered from two points of view :
  - (a) the unit system, and (/>) central shafting. There is no doubt that mechanical shafting is the better method, as any piece of apparatus may be connected when required. The modern tendency, however, is to make each piece of apparatus a complete unit. This method, though convenient, has disadvantages. After careful consideration, we have come to the conclusion that shafting is to be recommended for the permanent experimental laboratory. This in no way excludes the use of self-contained and therefore portable apparatus.
  - Shafting is generally fixed either to a wooden beam across the room, to the wall, or along the bench. The advantages of these different positions have already been dealt with and so we have now only appended the simple instructions for erection.
  - Instructions for Fixing.
  - First method___A beam of approximately 11" x 4" should be obtained from and fixed by a local
  - builder. If the beam required is more than 25' long, it is advisable to have some form of stay near the centre. “ J ’’-shaped hangers (see illustration G 15) are fixed at regular intervals of from 4' to 4' 6" on the under side of the beam with four ordinary wood screws. Hangers fixed in the centre line of the beam will be found to be near enough in line for all practical purposes.
  - The caps should be removed from the bearing after the hangers are in position, and the bolts loosened so that the bottom portion of the bearing is free to move. The shafting is laid in position and turned by hand, so that the bearings will find their own alignment (the holes in the brackets are made large for this purpose). The bearings are now tightened down, the pulleys being slipped on roughly to position before the caps are put on.
  - Second method.—To fit a shaft to a brick or stone wall is, perhaps, more difficult; but if the following instructions are carried out, no difficulties should arise.
  - The height at which the shaft is required should first be determined.
  - Measure this height from the floor at
  - both ends, and drive in a couple of nails. Take a fine but strong string line, and stretch it tightly between the nails. The position of the brackets (see Fig. 10-A) should next be determined. Care must be taken, as the distance between the bearings depends upon the work the shafting has to do. For light work the bearings may be as much as 5' apart; but if many pulleys and drives are required, the distance between the brackets should not be greater than 3' 6" to 4'. It is important to remember that the first driven cone pulley should be close to a bearing, and the same rule holds good for any cone pulley required for heavy work. The end bearings may be, as a general rule, about 6" from the ends of the shaft, The position of the brackets having been determined.
- p.n.n. - vue 79/114
- - draw pencil lines about 6" long on the wall, horizontally and vertically, the centres intersecting at each position. Cut holes with a hammer and a cold chisel about 1£" square and 4.1" deep ; into these holes cement 5" x bolts. To prepare for cementing, thoroughly wet the inside of the holes, either by splashing with a large brush or some form of syringe. Take one part of ordinary Portland cement (procurable from a builder or builder’s stores) to two or three parts of sand ; mix with water to a consistency so that it will not quite “ run.” Place some of this in the hole, and press in the bolt ; fill up with cement, using small pieces of brick or stone (previously soaked in water) to hold the bolt in position while the cement is setting. The threaded end of the bolt should stand out about 1-]" from the surface of the wall. The holes for the lower bolts are prepared and bolts cemented in in a similar manner. To make certain of bolts being in correct position, use a piece of wood as a template, in which holes fitting the bolts have been cut, corresponding in position to the holes in the bracket, which are sufficiently large to allow of final adjustment.
  - To erect shafting on thin partition Avails, the bolts may be passed right through. For wooden partitions, a slightly different pattern of bracket is made for fixing with ordinary screAvs (see Fig. 10-B). Shafting may also be fixed by screwing the brackets to a board 9" x 1", which has been previously nailed or screwed to the wall.
  - Third method.—Shafting fixed along the bench or work table presents few difficulties. First the two end standards (see Fig. 1 -A) should be placed in position and screwed down, the base of each standard being square with and equally distant from edge of bench. Remove caps and loosen fixing bolts of bearings, and see that the fixing bolts are in the centre of the holes in standards, so that the bearings may be moved slightly in either direction if necessary. Take a fine strong string line and fasten one end to the standard : then bring string oA^er the top of the bearing of each standard, pull tight and make fast. Pass a match-stick under the string Avhere it passes over the bearing, alloAving the string to rest aboATe the edge of the actual bearing. The remaining standards can now be placed in position, the caps being removed and if the bench is not flat, it may be necessary to pack up one or more of the standards with thin Avood or cardboard. When standards are in position, the alignment of the bearings and standards should be examined. After the position and height are adjusted, and the standards fixed to the bench, the string should be remoA~ed and the shaft laid in position. Loosen the fixing screws of the bearings so that a feAV turns of the shaft Avill cause them to take up their correct positions.
  - Fig. 1 G 1 to 5
  - the bearings adjusted as recommended aboATe.
  - The shafting fixed on ordinary students’ benches should end about one foot short of the bench: if continued further, it will only constitute a danger. For research work, however, it is sometimes necessary to have standards at the end of the bench with shaft overhanging.
  - In erecting long shafts in the above manner, there will be a certain amount of sag in the string line, which should be allowed for. A slight general sag of the shafting Avill be of little moment. What must be avoided is a zigzag alignment of the bearings.
  - Set collars, to prevent lateral movement of the shaft, are better put one on each side of the same bearing, and not at the ends of the shaft, as is sometimes done. It generally happens in long shafts that a coupling can be used in a dual capacity to form both collar and coupling.
  - The Geared Motor G153 may either be fixed on the floor, on the special bracket shelf G40, or in other convenient position.
- p.n.n. - vue 80/114
- - PRICE LIST OF SHAFTING AND FITTINGS.
  - STANDARDS.
  - These are made of steel tubing, fitted into a cast iron and “ T ” head, on which rests the loose cap gunmetal bearing shafting, the standard height being 24".
  - £
  - Standard 18" high ... ... .. Fig. 1A Gl 0
  - „ 24" „ ................ ,, „ 0
  - „ 36" „ ................ „ „ 0
  - Also made in solid cast iron, with adjustable bearings, as above—
  - 8" high ... ... ... Fig. 1C G2 0
  - 9" „ .................... „ 0
  - 12' „ ......................... „ 0
  - Please give required length as well as number when ordering thus, Gl—24" meaning a
  - Standard G 1 pattern 24" high.
  - Bent ditto 4|" ,, ... ... ... Fig. ID G5 0
  - HANGERS.
  - Fig. 2 G 12 Fig. 3 G 15 Fig. 4 G 20
  - Figs. 2, 3, 4.—Length 9" to centre of shaft, complete with bearing similar to those fitted to the standards.
  - Size of sole plate, 6f" x 2{" ... ... ... ... Fig. 2 G 12 0
  - As above, but with sole plate 5-£" x 21," turned, through an angle
  - of 90° ... ... ... ... ... ... Fig. 3 G 15 0
  - For side of beam, overall length 15" ... ... ... Fig. 4 G 20 0
  - Fig. 10
  - BRACKETS.
  - These have bearings similar to the above, and are made in two standard sizes, viz., 13" for countershafts, and 6" for ordinary shafting and in two patterns.
  - Pattern A for fixing to a wall by means of cemented-in bolts. ,, B ,, ,, woodwork by means of ordinary screws.
  - 13" Bracket, Pattern A ... ... ... ••• G25
  - 13" „ „ B ... ... ...........G 26
  - 6" „ „ A ........... ..................G 27
  - 6" „ „ B ... . ............G 28
  - 4" ,, for short lengths of shafting (wood screw fixing)
  - Fig. 10. Pattern C. ... ... ... ... G 29
  - 0
  - 0
  - 0
  - 0
  - 0
  - foot for. f"
  - s. d.
  - 14 9
  - 15 0
  - 16 6
  - 13 6
  - 13 6
  - 14 0
  - 13 0
  - 15 0
  - 15 0 15 0
  - 17 6 17 6 13 6 13 6
  - 12 6
- p.n.n. - vue 81/114
- - £ s. d.
  - Fig. 9.—Bracket Shelf, suitable for carrying the h.p. Geared Motors, with hardwood top ... ... ... G 40
  - 1 11 6
  - PULLEYS.
  - Fig. 9
  - Fig. 11 represents a group of standard cone pulleys. A and B are main driving cones. C is a four-speed cone for the Experimental Laboratory, and is similar to that of the Brodie-Starling Kymograph. D is intended for the Class Room shafting to drive the Sherrington -Starling Drum, the pulley of which it matches. Either of the above
  - can, of course, be used for other purposes. In the Experimental
  - Laboratory, it is well to have some of both pulleys, while one or two 8" cones are useful to drive such things as a Brodie Pump or other comparatively heavy pieces of apparatus. The grooves in A and B are for round band, while those in C and D are for and respectively.
  - Fig. 8.—Other cone and single speed pulleys are made, as will be seen by the group illustrated. The wheel B is 10" diameter, and has a single groove, and is useful where it is desired to connect two shafts to run at the same speed. D is a small pair of guide pulleys that can be clamped to the edge of a table, etc., while K is a larger pair, 5" diameter, for main bands.
  - Fig. 11
  - Fig. 8
  - PRICES. £ s. d.
  - Three-speed grooved cast iron cone pulleys, 6", 9", and 12" diameter Fig. 11-4 G50 l 1 6
  - 3) 33 3 J ,, ,, ,, 1-1," 5", and 8" Fig. 11B G51 0 15 0
  - 33 >3 3) ,, ,, ,, for motor with l" spindle ... Fig. 8^ G55 0 10 6
  - Four gunmetal ,, ,, 1}" to 6" Fig. 11C G56 0 14 6
  - 33 33 33 „ i-r to 4i" Fig. 11D G57 0 10 6
  - Single „ cast iron pulleys, 10" diameter Fig. SE G60 0 11 6
  - 33 33 33 ,, guide pulleys, 5" diameter G70 0 7 0
  - 33 33 33 ,, ,, ,, 3" diameter G71 0 4 0
  - 33 33 33 gunmetal ,, ,, 2" diameter G72 0 2 6
  - Pair of 5" guide pulleys, mounted Fig. 8A' G80 1 1 6
  - Pair of 2" ,, 3 3 3 3 Fig. 8Z7 G82 0 16 6
  - 24" single speed wheel, with polished and lacquered gunmetal hub and
  - set screw G 90 1 7 6
  - Swing arm, with 5" “ Jockey ” pulley and set collar for use with
  - above {see Tig. 7) G 91 0 16 0
  - SPLIT PULLEYS.
  - Made in two sizes, each with four speeds, to match the gunmetal cone Pulleys Fig. 11, C and D.
  - 4|" split gunmetal cone, for £" shaft • • Fig. 12 G95 0 15 6
  - 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 55 55 G96 0 19 6
  - j 24" wheel and swing arm, as above, mounted, complete with 8"
  - cone and spigot, as illustrated • Fig. 7 G101 3 5 0
  - 1 Swing arm for directing the band from main shafting to the
  - 1 Brodie-Starling Kymograph, as described • • Fig. 5 G102 1 15 0
  - Fig. 5
  - All standard pulleys, are bored for f" shafting unless otherwise ordered. Guide pulleys are bored §" or other sizes as required.
  - Pulleys made to suit special requirements, such as those shown at A, C, G and H, in Fig. 8.
- p.n.n. - vue 82/114
- - BEARINGS.
  - Standard I" as on the foregoing ... ... ... ... G110 each
  - ,, „ ,, with sole plate for mounting on wood... Gill ,,
  - £ s. d.
  - 0 6 0
  - 0 7 0
  - SHAFTING.
  - -4" steel shafting, specially selected for truth and gauge For cutting and facing ends of lengths under 10'
  - Muff couplings for joining two lengths of shafting ...
  - Set collars for taking thrust of shafting
  - G116 per ft. 0 1 0
  - per piece extra 0 10
  - G117 each 0 3 0
  - G118 „ 0 1 9
  - BELTING.
  - r G120 Round Solid Leather Belting. per ft. 4d. ... ... per 100 ft. 1 7 0
  - l¥' G121 „ 3d. 1 1 6
  - j G122 3d. 1 1 6
  - Wire hooks for above, 3d. per doz. either size. G125.
  - Complete countershafts are not quoted for in this list, but for a small table countershaft it is easy to take the component parts, say, two Standards C or D, Fig. 1, (G2 or 5), 3' of shafting, two set collars, G118, and two cones, as C and D, Fig. 11, (G06 and 57). This would be a useful outfit for most light work. See also G135.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 83/114
- - SPEED REDUCING GEAR.
  - 'T'HE following, although not made for any special purpose, will be found useful where a slow, or very slow speed is required.
  - G130 represents a simple Speed Reducing Pulley. There are three large speeds of approximately 3," 4-J" and 6" (76, 114 and 152 mm.), and four small, jV' to 1]" diameter (16 to 32 mm.), which allow a possible maximum reduction of about 10 to 1. It is mooted on an iron base, of convenient shape for screwing or clamping to table.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... G130 £1 7 6
  - G 131 is a compound Speed Reducing Gear, having a totally enclosed, correctly cut worm and wheel, giving a reduction of 50 to 1. There is a small lever, shown at the top, which actuates a friction clutch at the back of the larger pulley, so that the driven instrument can be started or stopped at will without stopping the motor or other source of power. The largest speed of the driven cone being 6" and the smallest of the driving cone 11," it follows that the maximum reduction is approximately 200 to 1.
  - PRICE ... ... .. .. G131 £5 5 0
  - It may here be pointed out that when the clutch is out of gear the large pulley runs free and can then be used as a simple Speed Reducer as G 130, the four smaller speeds being added for this purpose.
  - Gears of any description cut to order.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 84/114
- - SMALL HIGH RATIO SPEED REDUCING GEAR.
  - G 132
  - THE above illustrates a miniature speed reducing gear having an overall reduction of 1600 to 1 with an intermediate spindle giving a reduction of 40 to 1.
  - It consists of a box-like structure measuring only 21" x 2" x 1’ " with a lug for fitting on an ordinary f" upright. There is a four-speed cone, A, the largest and smallest speeds of which are approximately 3" and H" diameter respectively. The spindle of this is geared to the spindle carrying the single speed grooved pulley, B, so that the latter is driven at a speed of A of the pulley, A. There is also a third spindle, C, to which the pulley B can be removed. In this case the reduction is A, still lower, giving an overall reduction of 1600 to 1.
  - This gear can be specially adapted to airv purpose requiring but small power. In the illustration it is shown turning a three-way cock so as to perfuse liquids very slowly by opening alternatively to two separate supplies.
  - The price would vary somewhat according to the nature of the adaptation. The apparatus as shown in full line with Pulley A and B, and with the spindle C (which is §" diameter) left bare to receive the pulley, B, or other fitting but without any addition as shown by dotted lines.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ....... G132 £2 10 0
  - SMALL UNIVERSAL BENCH COUNTERSHAFT.
  - WE have been asked if we can supply a clutch pulley similar to that on our compound reducing gear (G131). The above is 1 lie answer, which takes the form as shown here, of a small bench countershaft, having a 6" three-speed clutch pulley A which MUST BE THE DRIVEN PULLEY when working, the clutch of which is actuated by
  - the lever L. This lever is double G135 Eig. 2
  - ended and has holes for attaching strings so that it may be worked from a distance. The fixed pulley, the one FROM’ WHICH the APPARATUS MUST BE DRIVEN is also 6" diameter, and similar to the clutch pulley, except that it has one extra small speed. Fig. 1 shows the countershaft arranged for general use. When however it is desired that it shall overhang the side of bench so that it may be driven from below, the upright part marked C is detached from the base A, and refixed on the sloping part B (as in Fig. 2) thus making it capable of meeting all requirements.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... G135 £3 3 0
  - G 135 Fig. 1
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 85/114
- - THE PALMER VARIABLE SPEED GEAR.
  - THIS is an adaptation of an old principle used to vary the speed of a machine within fine limits. Amongst other things it has been used as a variable speed gear upon motor cars and cycles.
  - It is not here put forward as a speed-reducing gear, but to give a continuously variable reduction, or increase of speed, varying within the limit of about 2 to 1. either up or down, and is useful in connection with other driving gear to make a machine synchronise with a given regular movement, or in the case of recording with smoked paper, a certain distance in a given time.
  - G 136
  - The first illustration shows the apparatus complete, and here it may be noted that the spindles are extended on both sides, and that the external pulleys are equal and interchangeable. There is a lug at either end for fixing when necessary, but this will only be required when driving heavy loads.
  - G 136
  - The second illustration shows it viewed from above, with the cover removed. It will be seen that there are two ‘;V” pulleys-Each is made in halves and each half has segments which fit into their complementary halves in such a manner that, when the handle is turned, one pulley is caused to open while the other closes a like amount. Thus the band connecting them remains taut, although the one pulley in effect gradually expands while the other equally contracts.
  - This gear can be driven at practically any speed and it will transmit considerable power. The external pulleys are 41" diameter, and have four speeds for or 4" round leather band.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... ... G136 £6 0 0
  - Extreme overall size, 12" x 91," x 54" high. Weight 184 lbs.
  - C F. PALMER (London), LTD
- p.n.n. - vue 86/114
- - 30
  - THE above represents a 1/50 h.p. Electric Motor of a well-known make, chosen on account of silence in running combined with excellence in manufacture generally, mounted on a cast-iron base containing a regulating rheostat giving four speeds, and a 50 to 1 worm reducing gear. The driving pulley runs at approximately 40 revolutions per minute, and has four grooves, the largest being 4J" and the smallest 1 i" diameter. The spindle is prolonged to take a pulley on either side.
  - This Motor is suitable to drive the Brodie Starling Kymograph, the Palmer “ Demonstration ” Kymograph, or one or two Sherrington-Starling Drums, etc.
  - PRICE .................................... £8 10 0
  - Similar Motor to above, but more powerful, being 1/10 h.p. It is shunt wound, and the rheostat in base gives a range of five speeds. Fitted with a 6" cone pulley having four speeds, running at approximately 40 revolutions per minute.
  - PRICE ................................ £12 10 0
  - The above Motors are made for a voltage of either 100/120 or 200/240 continuous current, and fitted with 6 ft. flexible wire and plug and adapter.
  - Can also be supplied for single phase alternating currents, but with switch only in place of rheostat. Any size of Motor for all standard voltages, geared to suit requirements, supplied to order. Resistances for regulating the speed of Motors, or for any other purpose, made and wound as required.
  - Ifjor D.C., please state voltage of supply tv hen ordering.
  - If for A.C., please give phase and periods in addition to above.
  - January, 1928.
  - Reprinted : Junk 1925; February 1928.
  - C. F. PALMER, (London) Ltd.
- p.n.n. - vue 87/114
- - I-H.P. GEARED ELECTRIC MOTOR.
  - |-n.P. compound wound Electric Motor, fitted with a 30 to 1 worm reducing gear, running in an oil bath, and having a three-speed driving cone of 2", 5 and 8" diameter, which runs at approximately 60 R.P.M.
  - This Motor is intended to drive the laboratory shafting, and is capable of dealing with thirty or forty Sherrington-Starling Drums, or any other light apparatus. It maj^ be placed on the floor, or high up out of reach of the students. For this reason the regulating starting resistance is supplied in the separate case, so that it may be fixed in a convenient position.
  - Price of Motor, including separate starter ... ... G153 £16 15 0
  - ,, ,, starter only, wound for any voltage 100 to 240 ... G154 2 5 0
  - The above Motor is made for a voltage of either 100/120 or 200/240 continuous current. Can also be supplied for single phase alternating currents, but without speed regulator.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... ... G155 —IS (T
  - /A /C ' °
  - Any size of Motor for standard voltages, geared to suit requirements, supplied to order.
  - If for D.C., please state voltage of supply token ordering.
  - If for A.C., please give phase a.nd periods in addition to above.
  - Laboratories fitted complete with shafting and all driving gear. Estimates and description of shafting recommended, sent upon receipt of plan and particulars of room available.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 88/114
- - SLOW SPEED COMBINATION.
  - G 160
  - WHEN it is desired to obtain slower speeds than are given by the Geared Motors on the preceding leaflets, the unit illustrated above can be used It consists of a 1/50 h.p. motor, with a 50 to 1 worm reducing gear (G 151), in combination with a simple speed reducing pulley, as that illustrated (G 130). It will be noted that the base board is slotted, so that the band from motor gear to the pulley can lie adjusted. Rubber feet are fitted, which tend to deaden noise and vibration, and prevent slipping along the table.
  - When using the above combination to drive a Standard Sherrington-Starling Drum, speeds down to as low as one complete revolution of the cylinder in 90 minutes can be obtained.
  - PRICE: Complete unit (as illustrated) ... ... G160 £10 15 0
  - If still slower speeds are required the Compound Speed-Reducing Gear G 131 can be substituted for the simple speed-reducing pulley as above.
  - G 170
  - SMALL POWER TABLE.
  - THIS was originally designed as a portable respiration unit and for that purpose was fitted with bellows (see E 5). It is, however, very suitable for such pieces of apparatus as the “ Ideal ” pump (E 10/12), the Schuster Respirometer (E 15), or any such apparatus requiring to be driven at a comparatively slow speed. As set out in description of E 5, the speeds of the pulley here seen connected to the “ Ideal ” Pump are from 14 to 48 r.p.m. and in addition there is a 6" four-speed cone on the outer end of this same spindle whereby a useful range of speeds are provided.
  - PRICE of Table with Motor, Gearing and one each 8" and 6" interchangeable Pulleys G165 Regulating Resistance if required (D.C. only) extra ... G 154 Complete Table fitted with 260 c.c. “ Ideal ” Respiration Pump (E 10) as illustrated
  - G 170
  - OrTwith 500 c.c. “Ideal” Pump (E 12) .......... G171
  - £17 0 0
  - £2 5 0
  - £34 10 0
  - £39 0 0
  - Kindly give full particulars of Electric Supply when ordering. See Notes to G 151.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 89/114
- - STANDARD POWER TABLE.
  - G 180
  - TT often happens in an experimental laboratory that some apparatus requires to be driven, if only a motor could be brought to it. The Power Table illustrated above exactly fulfils that want. There are three shafts or spindles, which, by means of the cone pulleys, can be made to revolve at a variety of speeds, the last or third spindle having a range from about 3 to 300 r.p.m. The top of the Table is 48" (122 cm.) x 18" (46 cm.) x 36" (9T5 cm.) high, and is removable for easy access to the working parts. Any apparatus can be permanently or temporarily fixed to this top. The spindles project beyond the frame on both sides, and are of the standard diameter. Sent out with the Tables are two cone pulleys (besides those driving the spindles) to drive apparatus, viz., an 8" cone having three speeds from li" to 8", also a 6" cone having four speeds from l]/' to 6". Extra cones can be had. As will be seen from illustration, there are wheels at one end and fall-down handles at the other for convenience in moving about. The extreme width of spindles is 23" (58'5 cm.) It will, therefore, go through a very narrow doorway.
  - PRICE :
  - Table, fitted with h.p. motor, suitable for either 100/110 or 200/240 volts., d.c.
  - or a.c., single phase, 50 periods... ... ... ... G 180 £25 10 0
  - Motors for other periods quoted for.
  - Ip for D C. please state voltage of supply when ordering.
  - If for A.C. please give phase and periods in addition to above.
  - For extra Cone Pulleys, see G 50 to G 96.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 90/114
- - SECTION
  - ELECTRICAL
  - Induction Coils Resistances
  - Rotary and other Keys
  - Batteries
  - Electrodes
- p.n.n. - vue 91/114
- - KEYS.
  - H 5
  - Du Bois Reymond Key. Massive, well-made key, on vulcanite base, clamp for table with
  - Prof. Sherrington’s Key. A variation of the above Reversing Key, with arrangement for two circuits Mercury Key, with vulcanite base, mounted on iron block ...
  - Pohl’s Commutator. Improved form, with vulcanite base, mounted on iron block ...
  - Simple Spring Key, on polished hard wood base
  - Each. Per doz.
  - H 1 13/- 140/6
  - H 2 12/- 130/-
  - H 5 25/- 270/-
  - H 6 10/6 113/6
  - i H 7 16/. 173/-
  - H 10 7/6 81/-
  - H 15
  - IN experimental work it is very inconvenient at times to have to operate a switch by hand. The Foot Key shown above has been introduced to obviate this. It consists essentially of four single double-break switches, each insulated and with a separate pair of terminals, mounted in such a way that they can be switched “ on ” or “ off ” in pairs by depressing either the red or black end of the foot lever.
  - PRICE ......................... H 15 £1 17 6
  - Over-all dimensions 9\" x 5" x 2;I" Weight: 4 lbs.
- p.n.n. - vue 92/114
- - RHEONOME,
  - with vulcanite base 8" square H 18 ••• ... Each 521-
  - H 20
  - H 18
  - TETANUS SET,
  - comprising vibrating spring 15" long, spring holder, mercury cup, maintaining magnet, X-block, and two plain stands. The set, H 20 ••• Each 40/- Per doz. 456/-
  - Separate Parts—Spring. 2/- ; Spring Holder, 5/- ; Mercury Cup, 4 6: Magnet with X-Block 21/- ; Stands, each 5/-
  - AUTOMATIC CUT-OUT KEY.
  - A SIMPLE APPARATUS FOR EXCLUDING MAKE SHOCKS.
  - IN cases where stimulation at regular intervals is required, the device illustrated above is a convenient one when used in connection with the Brodie Clock, or other form of electrical interrupter. Referring to the above diagram, it will be seen that the Clock is in circuit with C (the coils of the electro-magnet), P (the primary of the induction coil) and Z (the battery). A and B (the mercun^ cups) are connected across A and E (the secondary and electrodes). Normally, A and B are joined by a bent platinum wire dipping into them. When contact is made at the Clock, current flows through P, but, as the secondary is “ shorted ” by the bent wire across A and B, no effect is felt at the electrodes. The same current energises C, which in turn causes the platinum connecting wire to be drawn out of A and B. Now when the Clock breaks contact, the secondary being no longer “ shorted,” a shock is given at E, before the lever falls back to rest and re-connects A and B.
  - PRICE (mounted on vulcanite base) ... ... ... H 25 £2 17 6
  - Lor further particulars see Dr. Laidi.aw’s description in the “Journal of Pharmacology and Expe imental Therapeutics," 1915
  - (Yol. 5, pages 468-9).
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 93/114
- - Sir THOMAS LEWIS’S ROTARY CONTACT.
  - (Break Shocks only), for Regulating the Rate of Heart Beats in Experiments in which (a) Constant Heart Rate, or (b) Varying Heart Rate, is required.
  - H 26
  - THIS instrument has two pairs of contact springs, to be connected as follows : one pair in the primary circuit of the induction coil, and one pair across the secondary leads. These contacts are actuated by a pair of wheels having two projections,- and thus making contact twice in each revolution of the friction plate in the following sequence: (1) secondary is short circuited; (2) primary circuit closed ; (3) secondary short opened ; (4) primary circuit opened and break shocks transmitted. There is a second pair of wheels having six teeth or projections, which can be quickly brought into use when a more rapid rate is required.
  - The friction plate gives a variation in speed of fully 3 to 1, and has a screw for adjusting. Rhythmic shocks can be thrown in at rates ranging from 60 to 1,000 per minute,
  - PRICE H 26 £7 12 6
  - THE BRODIE CUT-OUT FOR GIVING BREAK-SHOCKS ONLY. KEY.
  - THIS Key is made to give a number of shocks per revolution. The original Key (see Brodie’s “ Essentials of Experimental Physiology,” 1898 edition, p. 13) gave one, or six ; we have, however, often been asked for keys to give a quick succession of shocks. The one illustrated gives thirty per revolution, so that, when driven at various speeds, almost any number of shocks per unit of time can be obtained.
  - PRICE :
  - With a pair of wheels for any one number of contacts H 27 £2 7 6
  - This Key can be had with wheels for either 1, 6, 12, 20, or 50 contacts, at the same price.
  - H 27
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 94/114
- - INDUCTION COIL
  - H 30
  - J'~J''‘HE above represents a well-designed, high-class coil, suitable for experimental or class work. It is of the well-known sledge type, after the model of Prof, du Bois-Reymond, with Helmholtz’ modification of the Neef Hammer. The base is graduated in mm. to 500, and folds under to economise space. The primary consists of approximately 300 turns of silk-covered wire, wound on a core of specially annealed iron wire. For the secondary of 7,500 turns, a high-grade enamelled wire is used, which, in combination with the “ bank ” system of winding, has been found to give good results for a general purpose coil. There are a kill set of terminals, so that all the experiments mentioned in the text-books can be demonstrated.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... H 30 £5 17 6
  - Special price quoted for one dozen or more.
  - The Ni + Fe cells described on another leaflet, being practically indestructible, are very suitable for students’ use. It is equivalent to giving them a bucket full of water—they can spill the water (short circuit the cell) without harm to the bucket (cell).
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 95/114
- - VARIABLE INTERRUPTER.
  - H 31
  - | | ERE is illustrated a variable break as fitted to our model of Prof, du Bois Reymond’s Induction Coil (H 30). It - consists of an electrically maintained pendulum having its swing controlled by a stop screw, and is capable of adjustment from approximately 4 to 100 contacts per second.
  - Referring to the above illustration, which is from a photograph, P is a pendulum carrying a contact point C' which normally rests against the spring C. Upon completing the circuit through the coils ZZ and primary of induction coil, the pendulum is set in motion by the electromagnet (which is set a little in advance) attracting the armature A, and thereby breaking the circuit at C'C. The pendulum, however, continues on its course by the momentum gained, till stopped by the adjusting screw S, when it returns and again makes contact at C'C. It will be seen that the time greatly depends upon the distance the pendulum is allowed to swing before being checked by the screw A.
  - This interrupter is supplied as a separate unit when it becomes available for any experiments requiring an interrupted current, such as those in tetanus, or of course it can be connected up in circuit with any existing coil.
  - PRICE of complete Coil with the new Interrupter ... H 31 £6 5 0
  - ,, ,, Interrupter only as a separate unit ... ... H 40 1 17 6
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD
- p.n.n. - vue 96/114
- - THE PALMER
  - INDUCTION COIL
  - H 50
  - JN designing the above Coil, consideration has been given to the following points :—
  - (a) A thoroughly efficient coil.
  - (/') A coil that will take up but little bench room.
  - (c) A coil that can be produced at a low cost.
  - To [take the size (b) first. The over-all dimensions are as follows: length, 292mm.; width,
  - 90mm. ; height, 100m.m. ; weight, '910 kilogramme.
  - As to the efficiency (o), we know of no standard, but the following are the particulars:—
  - The iron core is built up of approximately 400 pieces of annealed wire specially drawn for the purpose.
  - The bobbins for both the primary and secondary are of vulcanite.
  - The primary consists of about 300 turns of thick silk-covered copper wire, and has a resistance of ‘9 ohms.
  - The secondary consists of approximately 6,500 turns, with the terminals mounted on the top at one end of the bobbin.
  - The interrupter works direct off the iron core, and is of the usual type, with adjusting screw fitted with platinum point, extra terminal being provided for primary shocks.
  - The secondary is mounted so that it can be slid off the primary, there being a scale graduated in mm., to denote the position, up to 15cm. ; when this point is reached, further reduction in the strength of the secondary current is obtained by revolving the coil horizontally through an angle of 90°. Here, again, the position is indicated by a scale and pointer.
  - (c) PRICE ............................................. H 50 £3 5 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 97/114
- - MICROSCOPE LAMP.
  - THIS Microscope Lamp will be found very convenient, as the spring in universal joint allows the fly nut to be left sufficiently loose for lamp to be moved in any direction with one hand.
  - PRICES.
  - Each. Per dor.
  - Fitted with universal joint,
  - lamp holder, and reflector
  - for metal filament lamps,
  - or for carbon lamps as drawn, 6' flexible wire and
  - plug adapter H 55 18/6 216/
  - The same as above, but fitted
  - with “push” switch lamp
  - holder H 56 20/- 234/-
  - Three-claw stand only H 57 51- 54/-
  - Green tinted or ordinary lamps for use in above, any voltage or c. i>., to order.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 98/114
- - ELECTRODES
  - Platinum Electrodes.
  - Sheathed in vulcanite with terminals.
  - Model with fixing pins as shown, H 60, without fixing pins, H 61, PRICE (Either Pattern) 4/6 each 50/- per doz.
  - Simple Electrodes,
  - having copper wire poles sheathed in Vulcanite,
  - PRICE :
  - Each ... H 62 1/6
  - Per doz. ... ... 16/.
  - H 62
  - Non-Polarizable Electrodes, as made for University College, London, but having sliding spring grips for the U tubes ; Zinc Electrodes and double binding screws ; on vulcanite Insulating arm (as shown).
  - PRICE per pair (with arm) ... H 66 £0 17 6
  - Sir Charles Sherrington’s Unipolar Electrode, with platinum ball point and spring sheathed in vulcanite holder with terminal ; for stimulation at surfaces in the central nervous system.
  - (See Sherrington’s “ Mammalian Physiology,” 1919, Page 80).
  - PRICE, each ... ... ... ... H 68 £1 5 0
  - Bipolar Electrode, consisting of two stout sheathed copper wires with terminals, bound together, and terminating in stout platinum Electrodes.
  - PRICE, each ... ... ... ... h 70 £0 15 6
  - Ihe above are representative forms of Electrodes. We are pleased at all times to receive enquiries for, and to make special forms.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 99/114
- - MAY we bring the “ Ni-i-fe” (Nickel Iron) ACCUMULATORS to your notice? Although the first cost is somewhat high, we feel confident that the extra outlay will he found to he justified” in a short time, in laboratories in which a direct current or other means is available for re-charging.
  - The makers assert that “they may he short-circuited,*’ “ left discharged for any period,” “over-charged/' “charged in the wrong direction,’’ and generally ill-used without harm : in fact, they slate that ‘'they are indestructible,” and further, that “they do not lose their charge while standing.”
  - We have made the following rough hut practical tests of a J.O.-i cell, which was taken at random and short-circuited for 24 hours through an ammeter and readings taken. After a period of three weeks it was re-charged and again short-circuited in a similar manner, when the readings were found to he slightly higher. After a further period of three weeks’ rest, it was charged in the reverse direction ; under this treatment the polarity was not reversed. The voltage on open circuit was 1'2, but quickly fell to almost zero upon the cell being put to work through a low resistance, hut recovered itself after a short lapse of time. It remained thus for two weeks, when it was again charged in the wrong direction. The polarity was still the same, but the voltage was reduced to IT. Upon re-charging in the right way the cell appeared as good as ever. Such treatment would have utterly ruined a lead accumulator.
  - The above test was made nearly ten years ago. This identical cell has since been in constant use, and is still in working order.
  - PRICE LIST <S£ PARTICULARS OF “ NI4-FE ” CELLS.- —Type H- -J.O.4 to H—1.4.
  - Type of Cei.i.. Ii—J.0.4 II—J.l II-J.L5 II—1.2 j II—J. 3 H-J.4
  - Normal ampere-hour capacity 4 10 15 I 22 34 45
  - Normal watt-hour capacity 4’8 12 18 26-4 40-8 54
  - Average discharge voltage 1-2 1-2 1-2 1 -2 1-2 P2
  - Normal rate of discharge ... ... Amps. 0'5 1-25 1-87 2-75 4-25 5-62
  - Normal time of discharge ... Hours 8 s 8 8 8 8
  - Charging voltage ... 1 '4 to 1 '8 1-4 to L8 1-4 to 1-8 1-4 to PS 1 -4 to 1 -8 1 -4 to 1 -8
  - Normal rate of charge ... ... Amps. l'O 2’5 3-75 5*5 8-75 11-25
  - Normal time of charge ... ... Hour 6 6 6 6 6 6
  - Weight per cell, including electrolyte lbs. 0'S 1-41 2-19 2-75 4-03 5-25
  - Weight of solid electrolyte per cell lbs. 0'05 0-075 0-15 0-13 0-22 0-315
  - Volume of liquid electrolyte per cell pints 0*115 0-18 0"35 0'31 0"53 0-75
  - Dimensions— Width ... ... ... ... inches 3-15 5*15 3-15 4*14 4-14 4-14
  - Length ... ... ... ... inches 1 -15 1-15 1-61 1-15 1-61 2-05
  - Height, including terminals ... inches -P14 5'9 5-9 8 "55 8 "55 8-55
  - Price per cell, including crates and electrolyte | S/6 11/- 14/- 17/- 22/- 26/-
  - Larger size Cells can he Supplied.
  - No. II 100 is a Suitable charging board for use where direct current is available. It is fitted with holders and rack
  - for six lamps, fuse, switch and direction reading ammeter. Price, without lamps ... ... H 100 £2 10 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 100/114
- - SECTION
  - VARIOUS
  - Miscellaneous Apparatus
  - for
  - Bacteriology
  - Botany
  - Psychology
  - Phonetics
- p.n.n. - vue 101/114
- - VARIOUS PHYSIOLOGICAL APPARATUS.
  - NEW OR OMITTED FROM CLASSIFIED LIST.
  - B 8
  - Simple Tuning Fork suitable for Students and experimental work of short duration.
  - Like the other standard Timing Forks, this gives 100 double vibrations or periods per second and it has a f" standard stem, fitting the ordinary “ X ” Blocks.
  - PRICE .. ... ... ... ... B 8 17/6
  - PROF. INCHLEY’S DROP RECORDER .—This consists of a double walled funnel, open at the bottom and dipping into a small conical cup, which, when filled with fluid, seals the internal space. This may be connected to a light tambour through the tube, which also forms the support and through which the impulse of a drop falling into the cup is communicated to the tambour. A like drop overflows from the cup making the process continuous.
  - See “ Journal of Physiology,” Jan. 21st, 1928. PRICE ... ... ... . B 78
  - 11/6
  - MEMBRANE MANOMETER,
  - similar to that described by Prof. Sherrington (See “ Mammalian Physiology,” C. S. Sherrington, 1919, Page 52). This is a small tambour diameter made on the principle of the Brodie Tambour but having two cocks, as will be seen from the illustration. There is a small thumb-piece shown immediately below, as with the Brodie Tambour, to aid in fixing the diaphragm.
  - PRICE ... ... ... ... ... C 48 £3 3s. Od.
  - ISOMETRIC LEVER, similar
  - to that fitted on the Ergometer,
  - C 201. It consists of a heavy brass frame with a piece of watch-spring securely fixed to the two horns and carrying the lever from its centre.
  - The screw is so arranged that it forces the horns apart and so increases the tension on the spring.
  - PRICE ...................... ..............
  - C 109
  - C 109
  - 12s. 6d.
  - OXFORD PATTERN RHEOCORD,
  - On polished mahogany base, with a total of five metres of resistance wire, and contact block.
  - PRICE ...................H 19 25/-
  - H 19
- p.n.n. - vue 102/114
- - tubing. The outlet tube is link, thus providing adjustment. PRICE
  - STETHOGRAPH, formed of a flexible rubber tube, wired internally, so that it does not collapse when stretched by the action of breathing, thus exerting a pull on the membrane of a tambour connected to it through a length of “ pressure ” rubber Ample length of chain is provided which can be hooked in at any
  - E 4
  - 16/6 each 180/- per doz.
  - Combined TWO-WAY TIME-MARKER, specially made for use on the Sherrington-Starling Standard Drum (See the complete assembly for Mammalian class work). It is similar to, but smaller than, the time-marker and signal supplied with the Brodie-Starling Kymograph. All drum-bases sent out since 1st January, 1930, are drilled and tapped to receive this useful adjunct. Other drums require a hole to be drilled only, and tapped No. 2 B. A. Standard.
  - PRICE ...
  - B24
  - £2 2 6
  - B 24
  - PROF. McDOWALL’S RECORDER. In a recorder as No. C 70, there is a slight error, owing to the tilting of the floating chamber. In this instrument the chamber is curved with the view of obviating this. There is a balance weight with screw adjustment, and a special writing point consisting of a swinging wire pendulum with a glass writing point. For full particulars, see Proceedings of the Physiological Society, October 13th, 1928.
  - Effective Maximum Capacity 3 cc
  - 3 cc. C 75 £1 17 6
  - 5 cc. C 76 £1 17 6
  - 8 cc. C 77 £2 0 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 103/114
- - THE MARTIN WATER-DRIVEN CENTRIFUGE.
  - THIS is not put forward as a new idea, but as an improved form of an old instrument originally made for Sir Charles Martin (then Dr. Martin) many years ago by Mr. Crouch. Since his death, however, although several machines have appeared, none have been up to the standard desired, and Sir Charles Martin has approached us with a view of having a better machine made, with attention to the essentials of design. This we have done to the entire satisfaction of Sir Charles Martin, to whom we are indebted for every possible assistance.
  - The machine, as illustrated above, is made with interchangeable plates, each for four buckets, taking (unlike the original tubes with round bottoms) taper bottomed glass tubes, with an actual working capacity of 5 and 10 c.c. respectively. (A 15 c.c. plate is now made).
  - May we here point out that taper bottomed tubes are of necessity longer, and therefore require a larger diameter of plate which in turn lowers the ultimate speed. We are however told, by those competent to judge, that this is more than counterbalanced by the small space at the bottom.
  - PRICE :
  - Standard two-jet machine with 5 c.c. plate, set of 4 buckets and 1 dozen glass tubes The same machine, but with 10 c.c. plate and accessories as above do. do. 15 c.c.
  - Extra 5 c.c. plate and set of buckets do. 10 c.c. do. do.
  - do. 15 c.c. do. do.
  - Special taper-bottomed glass tubes, 5 c.c. ... ... ... ... per dozen
  - do. do. do. 10 c.c. ... ... ... ... do.
  - do. do. do. 15 c.c. ... ... ... ... do.
  - A suitable water pressure guage, with 3" dial, reading 0—100 lbs. per sq. inch A Gunmetal guard can be had that entirely surrounds the plate and is easily removed when required. It is large enough to accommodate the 15 c.c. plate. Aluminium. Cover Plate for above
  - W 1 W 2 W 3 W 4 W 5 W 6 W 12 W 13 W 14 W 21
  - W 22 W 23
  - £ s. d.
  - 14 5 0
  - 14 10 0
  - 14 17 6
  - 3 15 0
  - 4 0 0
  - 4 7 6
  - 0 3 0
  - 0 4 0
  - 0 4 8
  - 0 17 6
  - 1 7 0
  - 0 7 6
- p.n.n. - vue 104/114
- - THE MARTIN WATER-DRIVEN CENTRIFUGE — Co? i tinned.
  - The speed of the Centrifuge, according to water pressure, is represented in the graph and table below.
  - Approximate Revolutions of Martin Centrifuge (Palmer) with Water Pressure.
  - lbs. Pressure. 5 c. c, Plate. 10 c .e. Plate. 15 o. ,c. Plate. lbs. Pressure.
  - 1 JKT 2 J RTS 1 JKT 2 Jets 1 Jet 2 Jets
  - 10 1250 1500 1000 1400 — — 10
  - 20 2200 2500 1750 2250 — — 20
  - 30 2900 3250 2300 2900 — 2800 30
  - 40 3500 3900 2750 3500 — 3400 40
  - 50 4000 4400 3150 3900 •— — 50
  - 60 4450 4900 3450 4300 — 4300 60
  - 70 4800 5250 3750 4600 — — 70
  - 80 5250 5600 4000 4900 — 4900 80
  - 90 5G00 6000 4200 5100 — — 90
  - 100 5850 6350 4400 5350 — — 100
  - The 5 c.c. plate revolves about 11 % faster with 2 jets.
  - ,, 10 c.c. ., 24 % >> > J ? J
  - All machines are fitted with 2 removable jets, one of which can be blocked up if desired.
  - All removable parts, such as the revolving plates, spindles, etc., are carefully made to standard, and are therefore interchangeable.
  - When erecting, place thick rubber pads under the screw holes. It is important to see that the spindle is truly vertical: if the bench is fairly level, this can be done by placing a spirit level upon the plate, and varying the tension on the screws until it is horizontal.
  - The spindle should be just loose in its bearings to secure the best speeds.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 105/114
- - MICROSCOPE FOR MEASURING TRACINGS.
  - W 30
  - THIS instrument has a longitudinal traverse of 300mm., and a cross-slide reading up to 50 mm.
  - Both of these slides are actuated by screws which are of 1mm. pitch, and have heads divided into 100, thus giving readings of ‘Olmm.
  - The inverted “ V ” slide is mounted on a heavy base, so that it may stand firm without being clamped down. The nuts on both screws can be disengaged when it is desired to move the slides by hand.
  - This instrument takes the English standard objectives, and is sent out complete with an eye-piece with cross-lines and a 50mm. objective. It is guaranteed to be of sufficient accuracy for all practical purposes, the error, if any, being negligible.
  - A lower price instrument is made, fitted with a nut release movement to the longitudinal slide only, the cross slide nut being solid.
  - PRICE :
  - Fitted with nut release to longitudinal slide only ... ... W 33 £12 15 0
  - Fitted with nut release for quick movement of both slides... W 31 15 5 0
  - Wkiuht : 21 lbs.
  - For Electric Microscope Lamp see H jp.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 106/114
- - Prof. J. B. FARMER’S
  - AUXANOMETER and KLINOSTAT.
  - as used in the LABORATORIES, SOUTH KENSINGTON.
  - =©
  - it 1
  - W 36
  - THE cylinder is very light and is of the standard size (6" x 6"). It does not revolve, but moves through a small arc, and then back to its normal position. The clock, which has a 30-hour lever movement, is so arranged that it can be set to give an impulse to the drum every 15, 20, 30 or 60 minutes, and can be removed for re-winding without disturbing the record. The tracing being vertical, several levers can be arranged to write on the drum at the same time.
  - A recording drum, revolving once in seven days, is also made, having superior clockwork movement with jewelled escapement contained in the base.
  - The Recording Lever is a long light wooden beam, having a writing point at one end, also adjustable bearings and two hooks that can be slid anywhere along the beam. The one is for attaching to the plant, and the other for the counter balance weight provided. There is a support for the lever, which can be fixed at any height on the stand.
  - The Klinostat has a lever movement the same as the Auxanometer, and is made to stand either in a vertical or horizontal position. It is provided with a cork table 5" diameter, which revolves once in every 15 minutes. The transparent celluloid cover is 5" high.
  - Auxanometer
  - Recording Drum (revolving once in seven days) (see Section A) Glazed Papers, cut to size and gummed (see Section A) Recording Lever (complete on stand) ...
  - Klinostat (with cover)
  - W 37
  - £ d.
  - W 35 4 10 0
  - 10 0 0
  - W 36 150
  - W 37 2 11 0
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD
- p.n.n. - vue 107/114
- - THE PHONETIC KYMOGRAPH.
  - FOR GRAPHICALLY RECORDING SPEECH.
  - Fig. 1. A 24.
  - Phonetic Kymograph illustrated above has been designed to record the vibrations produced in the air, and other variations ol. pressure involved in speech by the human voice. The name Kymograph is derived from two Greek words, meaning “wave” and “writing." It consists essentially of two parts :—
  - (1) A surface to he recorded on, and
  - (2) Sensitive recording points.
  - The surface consists of a moving endless hand of highly glazed paper, on which is deposited, by means of a sped il gas (Fig. 2) or Kerosene (Fig. 3) burner, a thin layer of sou'
  - This portion packed with cotton wool
  - Gas inlet. Reservoir for Benzol.
  - A 292
  - A 291
  - The number of writing points, and the means of moving them, vary according to the nature of the problem. In all tracings it is necessary to know the time in which certain
  - phenomena occur. For this purpose the high speed time-marker (Fig. 4) is used. It is electromagnetic in action, having a verv light armature, and is worked in circuit wTith a batteiy
  - Fig. 4. B 25.
  - and an interrupter which takes the form of a vibrating fork (Fig. 5), giving 100 cycles per second. Time, therefore, to 1/200 of a second can be easily read off the tracing. In
  - N.B.—The references Fig. 1, etc., refer to the illustrations,, while the numbers A 2 4, W 100, etc., are the catalogue numbers a ad should
  - be quoted when ordering.
- p.n.n. - vue 108/114
- - this, as in the following, the record, or tracing, is formed by the point attached to the armature or lever, as the case may he, rubbing the soot off the highly glazed surface, and thus leaving white wave-like lines on a black surface.
  - When it is desired to make these tracings permanent, they can be so made by drawing them through a weak solution of shellac in methylated spirit. The exact strength is immaterial, hut it should be sufficiently strong to fix the black (i.e., so that it will not rub off) without making it excessively glossy.
  - The problem in recording speech is to show graphically the very minute changes in pressure caused by the vibrations in the air. For this purpose a very sensitive tambour is used (Fig. 6), which is practically a tube with a bell-like extremity, on which is stretched a thin rubber diaphragm, with its centre connected to a light lever, terminating in the writing point. To one of these
  - Referring back to the illustration of the Kymograph, it will be seen that there are two cylinders. The glazed paper can be put round either the upper and larger one, and the ends cemented together; ora long endless band, reaching round both cylinders, can be used. When the cylinder's is'are in motion the paper can be easily smoked by one of the burners illustrated.
  - Near the top of the large cylinder is the bar upon which
  - B 12.
  - Fits. 6. W 100.
  - tambours is attached, by means of a rubber tube, one o! the following :—
  - (1) A funnel-shaped mouthpiece (Fig. 7, two shapes) fora mouth record.
  - the time-marker and tambours are fixed. This bar has a fine adjustment tor regulating the pressure of the writing-points upon the paper, The carriage supporting the bar can either remain still (in which case it should be moved to a new position on the blackened surface, when the paper has made a complete turn), or the carriage can be caused to move automatically along the slide by means of the leading screw, such leading screw being geared to the axis of the cylinder by a belt running on the cone pulleys seen on the left of the illustration. liy this means a long spiral tracing is obtained.
  - W 110.
  - Fig. 7
  - W 111.
  - (2) A nasal olive (Fig. 8, three sizes) is connected up and lightly inserted into the nostril, when it is desired to map out a nasal.
  - (3) A larynx capsule (F'ig. 9), for determining the boundaries of a voice plosive.
  - £J
  - Fig. 8. W 115/7.
  - This latter record has to be taken from the outside of the larynx by placing the capsule on the neck, in the space (left or right) betw'een the thyroid cartilegeand the hyoid bone. The capsule is now made slightly bent so that this can be done more readily. It is obvious that the three records can betaken simultaneously.
  - The usual method of driving the Kymograph is by a small electric motor, fitted with worm gear to reduce the speed to that required.
  - Fig. 9. W 120.
  - We are indebted to Mr. Stephen Jones, of the Phonetics Department, University College, London, for his assistance, and would refer all readers interested in Experimental Phonetics to him for further details.
  - * * * *
  - Since the foregoing was written new forms of smaller kymographs have been constructed. That show'll at F'ie'. 10 is a useful instrument for general work, it having a cylinder 10" long by 9" diameter. In other respects it follows closely after the larger model.
- p.n.n. - vue 109/114
- - Where simple experiments only are desired and for demonstrating, the clockwork kymograph, shown at Fig. 11, is quite useful, lowing light, it is easily carried, in fact Mr- Jones lately took one of these with him to America, where he was invited to give a series of lectures. The cylinder A of this instrument is 6" diameter and 5" long. The winding handle is inserted at B and immediately underneath is a small lever conveniently placed for starting or stopping. The upright rod C has sufficient adjustment to accommodate most instruments when held upon the adjustable horizontal bar (not shown in illustration). This kymograph runs long enough at one winding for most experiments.
  - Fio. 10. A 30. Fio. 11. W 125. o
  - Fro. 1.—Horizontal Kymograph, 24” long and 12” diameter, with table and X s. Cl.
  - extension for long paper A 24 78 10 0
  - Do. do. but without table or extension A 25 63 0 0
  - Fro. 10.-—Horizontal Kymograph, 10” long and 9” diameter, similar in design to
  - the above and with ball bearing adjustable rod to carry
  - tambours, etc. (as supplied with A 24) A 30 35 10 0
  - Extension for long paper (to fix on floor) A 31 2 7 6
  - Suitable pitch pine and teak topped table A 32 9 5 0
  - Fro. 11.—Clockwork Kymograph, 3” long and 6” diameter, with adjustable
  - horizontal bar W 125 6 10 0
  - The above fitted with wooden cover and carrying handle ... W 126 7 5 0
  - Ball bearing horizontal bar for instruments as fitted to A 24 and A 30
  - Extra W 130 1 10 0
  - Fio. 2.—Gas Smoking Burner, 5.V' A 291 1 17 6
  - 9'" A 292 2 2 0
  - Fio. 3.—-Kerosene Smoking Burner A 265 2 5 0
  - Fio. 4.—High Speed Time Marker B 25 2 5 0
  - Fio. 5.—Electrically maintained Tuning Fork for 100 B 12 4 10 0
  - „ ‘ „ „ ,, for 200 „ B 14 5 0 0
  - Fio. 6.—Oval Tambour, 23 x 18 mm. W 100 1 5 6
  - Round Tambour with 22 mm. diaphragm ... W 101 1 1 0
  - ,, ,, ,, 28 mm. ,, W 102 1 1 0
  - ,, ,, .. 35 mm. W 103 1 1 0
  - Fio. 7.—Mouth Piece formed of sheet copper, nickel plated. Outlet tube IT ... W 110 0 12 6
  - Do. do. fitted with relief valve W 111 0 15 6
  - Do. do. cast aluminium W 112 0 12 6
  - Fio. 8 Nasal Olives, made in three sizes. Small, price per pair W 115 0 5 0
  - ,, ,, Medium, ,, ,, W 116 0 5 0
  - Large W 117 0 5 0
  - Fio. 9.—Larynx Capsule, 44 mm. diam. with grooved edge for rubber diaphragm W 120 0 7 6
  - Do. do. bent form W 121 0 8 6
  - For further details of Kymographs (vertical and horizontal), Tambours and other recording apparatus ; also Shafting and Motors, see our Physiological Catalogue, Sections A to H.
  - When ordering please quote the numbers in dark type and not the figure numbers, which refer to the
  - text only.
  - C. F. PALMER (London), LTD.
- p.n.n. - vue 110/114
- - A ^—continued.
  - Adjustable Stands D 2 Clock for Time-marking ... .... B 1
  - Adjustable “ X ” Block D 35 Clockwork Drums A 210
  - Afterload Levers C 105 Coils, Induction H 30
  - Anaesthetic Bottle (Brodie) E 21 Collars for Shafting G 118
  - Animal Holders E 22 Commutator (Pohl) H 7
  - Auxanometer W 35 Condon’s Drop Counter B 75
  - Arms, Jointed A 208 ,, Magnetic Tipper B 72
  - Countershaft, Small G 135
  - Couplings for Shafting G 117
  - Crank Myograph (Starling) C 112
  - 1 Cushny’s Myocardiograph C 200
  - Cut-out Key (Brodie) H 27
  - ,, ,, (Laidlaw) H 25
  - R | _ >) „ (Lewis) H 26
  - LJ ! Cylinders (Spare) A 54
  - Ball Joints D 81
  - Bath for organs F 45
  - Batteries H.J.0-4
  - Bearings for shafting G 110
  - Bellows E 3
  - Bellows Table E 5 D
  - Belting G 120
  - Bipolar Electrode H 70
  - Bossheads D 20 Dale’s Uterus Bath F 45
  - Botanical Drum A 224 Demonstration Kymograph A 13
  - Brackets, Shafting G 25 ,, ,, (open spindle type) A 18
  - „ Shelf G 40 | Dixon’s Perfusion Hot Chamber F 3
  - Brass Rods D 50 j Dixon’s Perfusion Pump F 1
  - Brodie Anaesthetic Bottle E 21 Dog Holder E 22
  - ,, Cut-out Key H 27 Dotter (McDougall) ... W205
  - ,, Lever C 100 Double Time-marker B 21
  - ,, Operating Table E 20 i Double Crank Myograph C 113
  - ,, Pump E 1 Drop Counter (Condon) B 75
  - ,, Stand D 8 Drop Recorder (Inchley) W
  - ,, Tambours C 1 Drum Clockwork A210
  - ,, Time Clock B 1 ,, Extension A 57
  - Brodie-Starling Kymograph ... A 1 „ Paper Clip A 297
  - Burner, Gas Smoking A 291 ,, for Reflex movement A 74
  - ,, Kerosene Smoking A 265 ,, Sherrington-Starling A 50
  - ,, Single Slow Speed A 200
  - ,, Spare Parts A 100
  - ,, Spiral A 205
  - ,, Stand A 150
  - >, 7 ^ay A 224
  - Du Bois Key H 1
  - C Drum, Electric A 207
  - Cannulae E 50
  - Cam, Adjustable Stand D 4
  - Cat Holder ... E 23
  - Cells, “ Ni + Fe ” H.J.O-4 r—
  - Celluloid for Writing Points C 181 E
  - Centrifuge (Martin) W 1
  - Charging Board H 100 Electrically-maintained Tuning Fork ... B 12
  - Chronographs (3 and 6 Pen) W210 Electric Motors G151
  - Chronographs (Pocket) B 50 Electric Drum ... A 207
- p.n.n. - vue 111/114
- - E—continued,
  - Electrodes H 60
  - Ergograph ................................... W200
  - Ergometer ............. ............. C 201
  - "Extension for long paper ... ... A 57
  - F
  - Fixit Lever C101
  - Float Volume Recorder C 60
  - Foot-operated Varnisher A280
  - Foot Key H 15
  - Frog Boards ... C 120
  - Frontal Writing Point... C 170
  - G
  - Gear for reducing speed Grip, Hook „ Muscle ...
  - Growth Lever ...
  - Guide Pulleys, Miniature „ ,, Shafting
  - I
  - “ Ideal” Respiration Pump ... E 10
  - Inchley Drop Recorder W
  - Induction Coil (Du Bois Reymond) H 30
  - Induction Coil (Palmer) H 50
  - Ink Pens Cl 90
  - Interrupter (Variable) ... H 31
  - Isolated Organ Bath ... F 45
  - Isometric Lever C 107
  - „ „ (spring type) W
  - Isotonic ,, ... C 103
  - J
  - Joints, Universal (see also D 20) ... E 40
  - „ Ball .......................... D 81
  - Jointed Arms ... ... ... ... A208
  - K
  - Kerosene Smoking Burner ............ A265
  - Keys ... ... ••• ••• H 1
  - Klimostat ... ... ... ... W 37
  - Kymograph (Brodie-Starling)... ... A 1
  - ,, Demonstration ... ... A 13
  - „ „ (open spindle type) A 18
  - ,, for Phonetics ... ... A 24
  - ,, Smoker ... ... ... A 290
  - D 65 D 64 W 36 C 160
  - H
  - Hand Drive for Smoker A 296 L
  - Hangers for Shafting ... Heart Lever (Brodie) ... G 12 C100 H 25
  - „ „ (Starling) C 108 Laidlaw’s Apparatus
  - Heater for Ansesthetic... E 21 Lamp Standard H 55
  - Heavy Stand ... D 6 Larynx Capsule W120
  - High Speed Rotary Pump F 32 Levers C 100
  - „ „ Time-marker B 25 Lewis’s Rotary Contact H 26
  - Holders for Animals ... E 22 Light Pulleys, Vulcanite C 150
  - Hook Grip D 65 Lip Key W225
  - ,, and Weights C 130 Long Paper Varnisher A 295
  - Hot Chamber (Dixon) F 3 Lung. Artificial... ... F 5
- p.n.n. - vue 112/114
- - P—continued.
  - M
  - Magnetic Tipper (Condon) B 72 Piston Recorders C 50
  - Manometers C 20 Platinum Electrodes H 60
  - ,, Membrane w Pneumatic Signal B 30
  - McDougall’s Dotter ... W205 Pneumograph W
  - McDowall Volume Recorder ... W Pohl’s Commutator H 7
  - Mercury Key H 6 Polishing Spindle W
  - Metronome B 5 Power Table G 165
  - Microscope Lamp H 55 Psychological Apparatus, see section ... W
  - ,, Measuring W 30 Pulleys, Light Vulcanite C 150
  - Miniature Guide Pulleys C 160 ,, for Shafting ... G 50
  - Morawitz Perfusion Cannula E 60 Pump, High Speed Rotary ... F 32
  - Morse Keys W230 j ,, Oscillating Respiration E 2
  - Motors G151 ! ,, Perfusion (Dixon) F 1
  - Mouthpiece, Phonetic who j ,, Perfusion (Schiister) ... F 10
  - Muscle Grip D 64 ! „ Respiration (Brodie) ... E 1
  - Myocardiograph for Heart C 200 i „ „ “Ideal” E 10
  - Myograph, Crank ... ... C 112 |
  - ,, Double C 113 |
  - i Q
  - | Quadrant Joint E 35
  - N
  - Nasal Olives W115 i R
  - “Ni + Fe” Cells H.J.0-4
  - Non-Polarizable Electrodes ... H 66 Rackwork “X ” Block D 36
  - Recording Drum A 210
  - ,, ,, Botanical A 224
  - ,, Reflex Movements A 74
  - Recording 3-pen Chronograph W210
  - o Respiration Bellows E 3
  - ,, Pump (Brodie) E 1
  - Open-sided “ X ” Blocks D 21 „ “Ideal” E 10
  - Operating Table E 20 ,, Table E 5
  - Oscillating Pump E 2 Respirometer Schuster E 15
  - Oval Tambours ... ... ...' W100 Reversing Key H 5
  - Oven, Dixon Perfusion F 3 Rheocord W
  - Oxford Pattern Rheocord W Rheonome H 18
  - Oxygenator F 5 Rods, Brass and “ T ” D 50
  - Rossler Perfusion Cannula E 65
  - Rotary Contact (Brodie) H 27
  - » » (Lewis) H 26
  - ,, Pump, High Speed F 32
  - P
  - Palmer Induction Coil H 50
  - Paper, Rolls and Sheets A 300
  - ,, see Samples .. section A
  - ,, Clip for Drums A 297
  - Pendulum Time-marking Clock B 1
  - Pens, Light Ink C 190 s
  - Perfusion Pump (Dixon) F 1
  - ,, Cannula (Morawitz) E 60 Schuster Perfusion Pump F 10
  - „ „ (Rossler) E 65 ,, Circulating Respirometer E 15
  - Phonetic Apparatus see section W Screw Stand, Large D 12
  - ,, Kymograph A 24 Semi-Universal Joints E 36
  - „ Tambours C 10 Shafting G 116
- p.n.n. - vue 113/114
- - 5—continued.
  - u
  - Sherrington-Starling Drum A 50
  - Sherrington Unipolar Electrode H 68
  - » Key H 2
  - Signals ... ... ... * B 16
  - Single Slow Speed Drum A 200
  - Slow Speed Motor Combination G 160
  - Smdking Apparatus for Kymograph ... A 290
  - ,, Burners A291 j
  - „ Stand for Drums A 250
  - Smoker, Hand-drive for A296
  - Sound Hammer W220
  - Spare Parts for Drums A 100
  - Speed Gear, Variable ... G 136
  - ,, Reducing Gear... G 130
  - Spiral Drum ... A 205
  - Split Pulleys ... G 95
  - Spring Key H 10
  - ,, Time-marker B 10
  - Stand for Drum A150
  - Standards for Shafting G 1
  - Stands ... D 1
  - Starling’s Crank Myograph C 112
  - „ Heart Lever C 108
  - „ “Ideal” Pump E 10
  - Stethograph W
  - Straw Holder ... C102 i
  - Students’ Tambour C 3 !
  - ,, 'rime-marker... B 16
  - Swivel Mounted Light Pulleys C 153
  - Unipolar Electrodes (Sherrington’s) ... H 68
  - Universal Joints ... ... ••• E 40
  - ,, Levers ... ... Cl 00
  - Upright, Clamping ... ... ... D 7
  - Uterus Bath ... ... ... F 45
  - V
  - Variable Speed Gear ... ... G138
  - „ Interrupter ... ... H 31
  - Varnisher for Long Paper ... A 295
  - Varnishing Tray for Drums ... ... A 280
  - Vibrating Reed ••• ... ... H 20
  - Volume Recorder (Piston) ... ... C 50
  - „ „ (Float) ................ C 60
  - Vulcanite Pulleys ... ... ... C 150
  - Volume Recorder (McD'owall) ... W
  - T
  - ‘T ” Rods ........
  - Table. (Respiration)
  - Tambours, Adjustable ,, (Brodie) ...
  - „ Oval .............
  - ,, Small Round
  - ,, Students’ ...
  - Tanks (Perfusion)
  - Tetanus Spring Time-marking Clock (Brodie) Time-marker, Double
  - „ „ „ for Drum
  - „ „ Highspeed ...
  - „ „ Spring
  - ,, ,, Students’
  - Triple
  - Tracheal Cannula ...
  - Tuning Fork (100—
  - ,, Hand
  - W
  - C 59
  - E 5
  - C 5
  - C 1
  - W100
  - c 10
  - c 3
  - F 15
  - H 20
  - B 1
  - B 21
  - W
  - B 25
  - B 10
  - B 16
  - B 22
  - E 50
  - B 12
  - w
  - Walshe’s Recording Apparatus ... A 74 Watches, Stop ... ••• B 50
  - Water Driven Centrifuge ... ... W 1
  - Weights and Hook ... ... ••• C 130
  - Worm-geared Motors ... ... ••• G1S1
  - Writing Points, Celluloid ... ... G181
  - ,, Frontal ... ... C 170
  - X
  - “X” Block (see also E 40), ... ... D 20
  - April, 1932.
- p.n.n. - vue 114/114